扬州市不同功能区表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量、来源及其生态风险

对扬州市6个不同功能区(公园、菜地、文教区、居民区、加油站和工业区)共59个表层土壤样品(0～10 cm)中15种美国环境保护署优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和来源进行了分析,并利用苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量浓度(TEQ_BaP)评价了土壤中PAHs的生态风险.结果表明,扬州市土壤中∑15PAHs总量范围为21～36 118μg·kg^-1,中值为295μg·kg^-1,PAHs组成中以4～6环为主.不同功能区∑15PAHs总量平均值高低顺序为工业区>加油站>文教区>菜地>居民区>公园.相关性分析表明,整个扬州市土壤中∑15PAHs总量与土壤总有机碳(TOC)(P<0.05)和黑碳(BC)(P<0.01)含量都呈显著性正相关,但除了加油站土壤中∑15PAHs总量与BC含量呈显著性正相关(P<0.01)外,不同功能区土壤中∑15PAHs总量与TOC、BC含量都无显著相关性.特征比值法结果表明,不同功能区土壤中PAHs来源虽有些差异,但都主要来源于石油泄漏以及石油、煤和生物质等...     

水源水库藻类功能群落演替特征及水质评价

为了解水源水库的藻类功能群落时空演替特征及水质变化,以李家河水库为例, 2018年9月～2019年6月对藻类及水质因子开展连续监测,采用功能类群划分方法对水库藻类进行了识别与分类,探讨了藻类功能群落与水质间关系,并结合WQI指数法进行水质评价.结果表明,本研究共获得藻类56种,隶属于4门28属,可划分为15个功能群类,其中优势藻类功能群落分别为B、 D、 G、 J、 L₀、Mp、 P、 W₁和X₁;李家河水库藻类结构呈现明显的季节性特征,混合期藻密度明显低于分层期,其中混合期的主要功能藻种为小球藻和小环藻,分层期的主要功能藻种为舟形藻和针杆藻.冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温、混合层深度和RWCS指数是驱动藻类演替的主要因子;WQI分析结果显示李家河水体水质为"良好",混合期水质略好于分层期.本研究指出扬水曝气系统可改变藻类功能群落的演替特征,有效改善水源水库水质,保障了饮水供水安全.     

Integrating intraseasonal grassland dynamics in cross-scale distribution modeling to support waterbird recovery plans

Despite much discussion about the utility of remote sensing for effective conservation, the inclusion of these technologies in species recovery plans remains largely anecdotal. We developed a modeling approach for the integration of local, spatially measured ecosystem functional dynamics into a species distribution modeling (SDM) framework in which other ecologically relevant factors are modeled separately at broad scales. To illustrate the approach, we incorporated intraseasonal water-vegetation dynamics into a cross-scale SDM for the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), which is highly dependent on water and vegetation dynamics. The Common Snipe is an Iberian grassland waterbird characteristic of European agricultural meadows and a member of one of the most threatened bird guilds. The intraseasonal dynamics of water content of vegetation were measured using the standard deviation of the normalized difference water index time series computed from bimonthly images of the Sentinel-2 satellite. The recovery plan for the Common Snipe in Galicia (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) provided an opportunity to apply our modeling framework. Model accuracy in predicting the species’ distribution at a regional scale (resulting from integration of downscaled climate projections with regional habitat–topographic suitability models) was very high (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.981 and Boyce's index of 0.971). Local water-vegetation dynamic models, based exclusively on Sentinel-2 imagery, were good predictors (AUC of 0.849 and Boyce's index of 0.976). The predictive power improved (AUC of 0.92 and Boyce's index of 0.98) when local model predictions were restricted to areas identified by the continental and regional models as priorities for conservation. Our models also performed well (AUC of 0.90 and Boyce's index of 0.93) when projected to updated water-vegetation conditions. Our modeling framework enabled incorporation of key ecosystem processes closely related to water and carbon cycles while accounting for other factors ecologically relevant to endangered grassland waterbirds across different scales, allowed identification of priority areas for conservation, and provided an opportunity for cost-effective recovery planning by monitoring management effectiveness from space.     

Provincial development plans in Zimbabwe: an analysis of their content,structure and methodology

Zimbabwean provincial plans were instituted to help in the achievement of the national goal of the creation of an egalitarian, socialist and integrated society. The national goal itself was adopted as an antithesis to the dualist society characterised by spatial, economic, social, politican and technological inequalities that Zimbabwe inherited from colonialism. This meant that provincial plans had to play both a functional (or growth allocating/distribution) and a territorial (or redistribution) role.

This paper reviews their role in achieving the national goal by examining their functions, content, structure and methodology. The paper concludes that because of their nature, provincial plans are not suitable tools for the achievement of the national goal.     

典型湿地沉积物中硝酸盐异化还原成铵的细菌群落结构的研究

为研究中国典型湿地沉积物硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)的群落组成,针对DNRA过程的功能基因nrfA进行高通量测序.选取中国典型湿地岸边带的表层沉积物8个样点,质控后每个样品得到60000条序列,在相似度≥90%得到279个OTUs进行生态学分析.由基因丰度值显示:8个湿地沉积物的丰度为(6.69±0.28)×10~7～(8.44±0.48)×10~8 copies g~(-1).多样性分析(OTUs水平)结果表明:本研究的湿地沉积物样点中,南方湿地沉积物样点的多样性要高于北方样点.对代表OTUs进行分类,共定义到8个门(Phylum),23个属(Genus).其中相对丰度最高的3个属为Anaeromyxobacter(24.71%)、Anaerolinea(9.70%)和Dokdonella(7.94%),表明三者在群落组成中占主导地位.PCoA分析(OTUs水平)表明南北方地区差异是导致中国湿地沉积物中DNRA菌群结构不同的最主要影响因素.结合沉积物理化因子分析,DNRA细菌的丰度与碳氮比、年平均降水量及年平均温度呈显著正相关.本研究在一定程度上揭示了中国典型湿地沉积物DNRA细菌的群落组成、多样性及其与环境因子的关系.     

城市生态功能区规划研究

近年来，随着我国经济建设的进程不断加快，城市生态破坏问题逐渐显现，人们赖以生存的自然生态环境遭到了非常严重的破坏。保护好生态环境，是保证经济稳定、健康和可持续发展的重要前提。由于城市人口密集，生态系统脆弱，受到破坏后很难恢复，而且城市系统的生态恢复工作只能建立在现有的城市规模和城市特征的基础之上，很难有较大的改变。因此，研究和探讨城市生态功能区的规划，对于城市环境和经济建设环境的改善都具有很重要的意义。     

上海崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区规划探讨

从自然保护区规划的要素、范围划分、功能分区、综合布局等若干方面,阐述了上海市崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区规划的依据,并通过实践,对有关理论作出一定的探讨。     

中国海洋自然保护区功能分区模式及分类管理初探

我斟海洋自然保护区目前正处于高速发展过程中，保护区已有的功能分区模式已不能满足保护区建设和管理工作的需要。本文通过对海洋自然保护区的功能分区的分析探讨，提出不同类型的保护区应采用不同的功能分区模式进行管理。另外，以中华白海豚自然保护区为例，在分析其功能分区和种群分布特点的基础上，提出了不设核心区模式。最后，提出在保护区高速发展的同时，应加强海洋自然保护区本身的研究，应加强保护区的分类及功能分区的研究。     

ABR-SBR工艺处理高浓度纤维板有机有毒废水

从工程实例介绍折排流式厌氧反应器 (ABR)工艺与间歇式活性污泥反应器 (SBR)工艺在处理干法纤维板废水处理中的应用 ,从中可以看出 ,ABR与SBR在处理高浓度有毒有机废水方面具有很好的应用前景     

岷山北坡高海拔区草本植物群落特征及主要植物功能群C、N、P含量分析

海拔是影响物种多样性格局的决定性因素之一,对生态系统格局与过程起着重要作用。运用回归分析、相关分析、Duncan多重比较和Pearson相关系数检验对岷山北坡高海拔2300—2900 m草本群落特征、群落初级生产力及不同植物功能群进行分析。结果表明:样地共调查出草本植物20科35属44种,菊科、百合科和蔷薇科的物种数分别占总物种数的比例为25%,14%和11%,表现出明显的优势性。草本群落的生物量均与海拔梯度的相关性不显著(P>0.05),且随海拔升高均表现出先增后减的总体趋势;植物盖度、物种丰富度、密度均与海拔表现出极显著负相关关系(P<0.001),而植物高度与海拔表现出极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。从功能群的角度分析,随着海拔梯度的不断升高,禾本科、菊科以及杂类草3个植物功能群的叶碳含量(LCC)和根碳含量(RCC)整体呈上升趋势;叶磷含量(LPC)整体都呈下降趋势,而禾本科的根磷含量(RPC)呈上升趋势,菊科和杂类草表现出先升后降的趋势;叶氮含量(LNC)禾本科呈下降趋势,菊科呈上升趋势,杂类草呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,根氮含量(RNC)禾本科和杂类草的呈上升趋势,而菊科表现出先上升后下降的趋势。研究结果初步揭示了岷山北坡不同海拔梯度草本植物群落特征及其生物量的变化特征,以及物种多样性和主要植物功能群碳、氮、磷元素在海拔梯度上的分布差异,为今后岷山北坡草本群落分布格局和生物地球化学循环的研究提供科学依据。