黑曲霉对海口城市垃圾焚烧飞灰生物淋滤作用的影响

采用黑曲霉淋滤海口垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属,通过定期监测淋滤过程中的菌体浓度,pH值和飞灰中四种超标重金属Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb在淋滤液中的浓度来探讨黑曲霉对海口城市垃圾焚烧飞灰生物淋滤作用的影响.结果表明:在生物淋滤初期,黑曲霉生长延迟,对飞灰中重金属的滤出作用不明显.随后黑曲霉菌丝浓度缓慢升高,淋滤液pH下降,4种金属在淋滤液中的浓度均不断增加,Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb分别在第12、12、9、12天达到峰值1.51 mg/L、75.72 mg/L、2.18 mg/L、19.09 mg/L.在第18天实验结束时,这4种重金属在淋滤液中的浓度均随菌丝球的出现显著下降.因此黑曲霉可有效去除飞灰中的Cr、Zn、Cd,Pb,并通过将其固定在菌丝球中,降低其在淋滤液中的浓度.     

对挥发性有机废气治理技术的研究

针对挥发性有机废气治理技术,介绍了挥发性有机物及其危害,主要包括对挥发性有机物的介绍、VOCs对环境的危害,同时介绍了VOCs的来源,挥发性有机废气对环境和人类产生的严重危害,文章阐述了挥发性有机物的来源及危害,然后对有机废气的技术原理及应用进行了介绍,主要有回收法和分解法两种方法,其中有吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、膜分离技术和燃烧法、生物法、电晕法、生化法的开发应用.     

Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter(OM).Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.     

高炉炉顶煤气中HCl气体脱除的试验研究

高炉炉顶煤气中HCl气体会加速TRT叶片和煤气管道腐蚀。脱除高炉炉顶煤气中HCl气体可以采用石灰石、轻烧石灰石、Na_2CO_3和KOH作为脱氯剂的活性组分,脱氯剂粒度控制为3~6 mm、脱氯剂料层厚度控制为200 mm以上并适当提高煤气温度来改善高炉煤气中HCl气体的脱除过程。     

烟气调质技术在近零排放机组中的研究与应用

为了满足燃煤机组烟尘近零排放的要求,采用烟气调质技术对电除尘器的除尘效率进行升级提效是一种有效的方式,尤其是针对燃用高比电阻煤种的燃煤电厂。从烟气调质技术的基本理论入手,研究烟气调质对除尘提效的主要影响因素,并介绍了常用的3种烟气调质技术,SO_3调质、水调质和低低温电除尘器的原理与实际应用,并论述了不同烟气调质技术取得的效果和所存在的问题。     

高蛋白有机废弃物厌氧消化系统稳定性及其耐氨氮机制解析

病死及自然灾害产生的大量畜禽尸体的不恰当处理处置会带来较为严重的环境卫生和公众安全隐患.本研究利用厌氧消化技术对畜禽尸体这类高蛋白有机废弃物的无害化处理进行尝试,旨在探索其适宜的有机负荷条件、系统的稳定性及潜在的氨抑制风险.研究表明高蛋白有机废物(以猪肉作为实验样品)作为厌氧消化基质时,系统稳定运行的有机负荷能够达倒(4.76±0.41)kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1);同时,VS降解率、单位体积沼气产率、单位添加VS沼气产率、单位降解VS沼气产率以及甲烷含量分别能达到95%、(3.72±0.21)L·L~(-1)·d~(-1)、(0.78±0.02)m~3·kg~(-1)、(0.82±0.02)m~3·kg~(-1)以及65%.在该条件下,TAN和FAN的浓度与系统产气性能没有直接线性关系,且在浓度高达5700 mg·L~(-1)和700 mg·L~(-1)时未呈现对系统的明显抑制作用.454高通量焦磷酸测序法对系统内古菌种群相对密度的分析结果表明,系统中氨抑制问题得到一定程度的缓解或者消除的原因可能为甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)的优势地位并未受到明显影响,以及整个产甲烷菌种群在系统运行过程所得到的明显驯化.     

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成系统脱汞研究

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成处理系统是专门针对典型含汞废物安全处置而开发的,可以同时有效控制汞等多种复合气体污染物。通过检测热解炉后烟气中和等离子体反应器入口、出口气体中Hg0和Hg2+浓度,研究汞的价态转化及添加剂对脱汞效果的影响。结果表明:热解烟气中Hg2+/HgT为17%~45%,Hg0/HgT为55%~83%,热解温度主要影响汞价态分布,WMC添加量主要影响汞浓度值;加入添加剂会促进汞的脱除,但添加剂过量不利于汞的氧化;热解炉中添加50 g WMC和5 g升华硫添加剂时,反应器内Hg0氧化率和总汞损失率分别可达55%和42%。该研究可以为探索新型含汞废物处置工艺,实现含汞废物深度净化提供新思路。     

Local governance of greenhouse gas emissions from air travel

Global greenhouse gas emissions from air travel (GHG-A) are on the rise, and projections point towards a rapid growth in the coming decades. This study aims to examine how local government (cities), addresses GHG-A in their Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP). To fulfil this aim, over 200 SEAPs were analysed focusing on three issues: (1) Treatment of GHG-A in local emissions inventories; (2) Policy initiatives within this domain; and (3) The cities’ perceptions of the conflicts of interests. Results showed that more than half of the cities acknowledge the challenge of GHG-A, around one third include GHG-A in their emissions inventories, and more than one quarter have initiated policy interventions. To categorise these interventions, we have added a mode ‘governing by agenda setting’ to an existing analytical framework, ‘Modes of governing’. With their authority limited to the local setting, this mode of governing is a common channel for cities to push changes at higher levels.     

燃煤锅炉烟气中SO_3的生成、危害及控制技术研究进展

SO_3是燃煤锅炉烟气中的污染物之一,会造成烟气酸露点升高、空气预热器堵塞腐蚀、"烟羽"现象等,并且降低选择性脱硝催化剂的活性和锅炉的脱汞效率,危害设备安全和大气环境。介绍了燃煤锅炉中SO_3的主要生成途径、危害、控制方法以及SO_3的控制政策。用于燃煤锅炉中SO_3的控制方法有降低燃煤硫含量,采用ROFA燃烧技术,炉内喷碱性吸收剂,炉后喷碱性吸收剂,除尘器前喷氨和使用湿式电除尘器等。     

铬污染土壤的导电性、频谱激电性和介电特性的实验结果

研究了铬污染土壤的导电性、激电性和介电性,给出了在不同含水率、不同浓度铬盐污染物的情况下,铬污染土壤样品的电阻率、复电阻率和复介电常数与污染物浓度及含水率变化关系的一些实验观测结果.土样中的观测结果表明,所有污染样品的电阻率、复电阻率幅值均随污染浓度和含水率的增加而减小;但对反映土壤样品容性的复电阻率相位参数而言,则有...