城市生态足迹计算中温室气体环境责任的区域分配法

针对生态足迹方法应用于城市尺度时对温室气体处理上的不足,提出了除存在能源贸易调整的缺陷外,还应对城市的温室气体环境责任重新定义和划分,城市可持续发展应依照城市自身的区域特征来制定标准.在对城市尺度与国家尺度上生态足迹核算体系温室气体环境责任分配内涵的不同进行分析后,基于城市等级的划分和经济联系强度等概念,构建了在城市尺度上温室气体环境责任的区域分配法,使生态足迹方法应用在城市尺度的可持续评价上更加真实可靠.     

Aircraft Emissions: A Comparison of Methodologies Based on Different Data Availability

The impact of air traffic on the global atmosphere is characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, concerning both the physico-chemical phenomena involved and the extent of the forcing due to anthropogenic emissions. The different effects of these emissions (e.g. on climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, tropospheric ozone formation) are dealt with by different international bodies and conventions (e.g. IPCC, EMEP. . .) which are trying to define a standard methodology allowing countries to evaluate their contributions to global aircraft emissions and to report these figures in a standardised way. The paper compares different methodologies proposed by the joint EMEP/CORINAIR 'Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook' for estimating aircraft emissions. Adjustments to these methodologies have been proposed, in order to integrate some additional data such as the total amount of flight hours per aircraft type or fuel consumption per trip. In case detailed information is not available, we recommend the use of a VERY SIMPLE methodology which may yield acceptable results, provided that every country makes adequate assumptions on the average aircraft type.     

冷凝吸附法测定痕量挥发性含硫气体

采用冷凝吸附法对痕量挥发性含硫气体的测定进行了研究 ,结果表明自行设计的冷凝吸附装置对于痕量挥发性含硫气体的富集有着良好的效果 ,富集效率可达 94%以上     

中国高精度温室气体排放清单编制研究进展

高精度温室气体排放清单是摸清区域碳排放来源、识别时空演变特征的数据基础,也是政府部门科学制定“减污降碳”策略、实现“双碳”目标的科技支撑。通过调研国内外组织机构、科研团队在高精度排放清单方面的成果,从核算范围、核算方法、时空化方法、评估与校验4个方面介绍了我国温室气体排放清单编制方法的研究进展。针对我国高精度温室气体排放清单研究区域分散、方法与格式不统一的问题,提出我国清单编制要逐步统筹本地化、精细化和动态化的发展建议。     

铁矿石和生物炭添加对潜流人工湿地污水处理效果及温室气体排放的影响

人工湿地是温室气体的重要排放源,为了探索减少其温室气体排放的措施,通过在温室内构建了空白-人工湿地(湿地Ⅰ)、铁矿石-人工湿地(湿地Ⅱ)、生物炭-人工湿地(湿地Ⅲ)和铁矿石+生物炭-人工湿地(湿地Ⅳ)4组湿地,研究了铁矿石和生物炭基质的添加对潜流人工湿地污水处理效果和温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,4组湿地的平均出水COD分别是(34.99±1.60)、(35.57±1.69)、(30.87±1.65)和(27.52±2.37) mg·L⁻¹,COD去除率均达到90%以上。4组湿地系统的出水平均TN浓度分别是(24.75±0.96)、(24.99±0.72)、(15.04±0.61)和(15.63±0.61) mg·L⁻¹,湿地Ⅲ和湿地Ⅳ的TN平均去除率分别为65.73%和64.41%,均高于湿地Ⅰ(43.61%)和湿地Ⅱ(43.08%)。和TN类似,4组湿地系统出水的${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N去除率分别是45.04%、43.92%、67.52%和65.19%。铁矿石和生物炭的添加对于系统中CH₄和N₂O的减排也有一定作用,以1 g·m⁻² CO₂的GWP为1,湿地Ⅱ和湿地Ⅲ系统排放CH₄和N₂O所产生的综合GWP分别是69.88和22.73,相较于湿地Ⅰ(103.36)分别减少了32.39%和78.01%。湿地Ⅳ排放CH₄和N₂O所产生的综合GWP与单独添加生物炭的湿地Ⅲ相似,GWP为24.62。生物炭的添加相较于铁矿石具有较好的污水处理效果,且具有较低的CH₄和N₂O排放量。铁矿石生物炭联合添加的湿地中生物炭起主要的污染物去除和温室气体减排作用。以上研究结果可为人工湿地的改进提供有效建议。     

Ecological principles,biodiversity, and the electric utility industry

The synthetic field of conservation biology uses principles derived from many different disciplines to address biodiversity issues. Many of these principles have come from ecology, and two simple ones that seem to relate to many issues involving the utility industry are: (1) Everything is interconnected (and should usually stay that way), and (2) We can never do merely one thing. The first principle can be applied to both the biotic and physical environments that are impacted by industrial activities. Habitat fragmentation and the loss of physical and biotic connectedness that results are frequently associated with transmission rights-of-way. These problems can be reduced—or even turned into conservation benefits—by careful planning and creative management. The second principle applies to the utility industry's programs to deal with carbon released by burning fossil fuels. Ecological knowledge can allow these programs to contribute to the preservation of biodiversity in addition to addressing a pollution problem. Without careful ecological analyses, industry could easily create new problems while implementing solutions to old ones.     

威远震旦系天然气与油气生运聚

根据威远震旦系气藏天然气组成、同位素特征、储层包裹体的对比研究 ,我们认为该气藏的天然气主要来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组泥岩 ,其天然气主要是干酪根裂解气 ,次为油的裂解气。威远震旦系气藏是喜山期形成的 ,威远的天然气无论是干酪根裂解气还是油裂解气都由北面古构造聚集的干酪根裂解气和油裂解气转移而来 ,威远构造之所以能形成工业聚集的重要原因就是威远构造的形成与北面古构造的消失的良好匹配关系     

有机废气催化燃烧技术

对催化燃烧处理有机废气的基本原理、特点及经济性，以及催化剂、动力学和工艺流程等研究进展进行综述。     

Numerous experiments for the impact of warming climate on the phenology and grain yield of winter wheat

Based on the environmental and crop data at Zhenjiang City, in Jiangsu Province, middle east of China, the growing process of winter wheat was simulated by CERES-Wheat model assuming the daily average temperature is 1℃ to 2℃ higher than at the present, which are mostly possible for the change of climate because of enrichment of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The simulation results show that warming climate can promote development rate and shorten phenological stages of wheat, and the grain yield will be higher than present. Its impact on the kernel weight and grains per square meter were different for the plantings of various sowing dates. The results of this study suggest that substantial changes in agricultural production and management practices are needed to respond to the climatic changes expected to take place in China.     

阜新市机动车尾气污染物排放现状分析

文中对阜新市的机动车尾气监测结果进行了统计分析，结果表明，汽油机动车一氧化碳排放浓度平均值为1．2％，碳氢化合物排放浓度平均值为355．0ppm；汽油机动车尾气排放超标率为6．09％；不同车型的统计结采表明，一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放浓度平均值；柴油机动车的烟气黑度平均值为3．87，柴油机动车尾气排放超标牢为24．11％，明显高于汽油机动车（6．09％）；柴油机动车不同车型的统计结果表明，烟气黑度平均值，轿车〈货车〈客车。排放尾气的烟气黑度超标率为轿车〈客车〈货车；相关分析结果表明，汽油机动车尾气中一氧化碳排放浓度与碳氢化合物排放浓度有极显著的正相关，轿车、客车、货车的相关系数分别为0．5518、0．4059、0．4714。