基于入户调查的贵阳市生活燃煤排放清单

为准确掌握贵阳市生活燃煤大气污染物的排放状况,为南方山地城市大气污染防治工作提供科学依据,本研究于2017年对贵阳市生活燃煤情况开展了入户调查.据统计分析,2016—2018年贵阳市常住人口和生活煤炭消费量变化小.同时,采用排放系数法结合GIS技术,建立了贵阳市2016年1 km×1 km生活燃煤大气污染物排放清单.结果表明：①全市生活燃煤量约为55.9×10⁴ t,单位面积燃煤量为69.5 t·km^-2,不同区（市、县）生活燃煤量存在明显差异;从燃煤总量来看,开阳县最大,云岩区最小;从单位面积燃煤量来看,云岩区最大,息烽县最小.②全市生活燃煤PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO_x、VOCs、CO、OC、BC排放量分别为1230.5、783.0、6963.5、615.3、1006.8、39096.4、55.9、3.9 t,单位面积排放量分别为153.0、97.4、865.7、76.5、125.2、4860.7、7.0、0.5 kg·km^-2.③生活燃煤污染物排放量呈明显的季节性变化特征,冬季采暖季污染物的排放量远高于非采暖季.④在空间分布上,大气污染物排放主要集中在云岩区、南明区、白云区中南部,以及观山湖区东南部、乌当区西南部及花溪区东北部,这与居民生活区域基本呈一致性分布.⑤调查样本量覆盖了总家庭户数的1.5%,全市以煤炭为生活能源的住户占比约为38.1%,户均燃煤量为（1.158±0.010）t·a^-1,排放清单不确定性总体范围为-82.6%~201.0%.     

社区管理与服务专业毕业生就业意向调查——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

了解和掌握毕业生的就业意向,对于更好地开展就业指导服务、促进大学生就业起到很重要的作用。从就业地区、就业单位、就业信息渠道等方面,对社区管理与服务专业毕业生的就业意向进行调查和分析,提出应该转变毕业生就业观念,对毕业生进行就业心理指导,学校应积极开拓东南沿海地区就业市场,提高就业指导和服务水平,加强专业建设等对策。     

浑善达克沙地退化草地的封育效果调查

封育保护是促进退化草地自然恢复的有效方法之一,为了研究实施京津风沙源工程措施以来浑善达克沙地沙质草场的围封效果,我们特对浑善达克沙地南缘地段的围封草场进行了调查,并取得了一些结果。     

废弃采石场作为一般工业固体废物填埋场址探析

从城市工业固体废物消纳和废弃采石场作为填埋处置场地的角度出发,对利用废弃采石场作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物填埋场场址条件进行探讨,通过广州市地区实例说明利用废弃采石场选址作为第Ⅰ类一般工业固废填埋场址的可用性,这对未来废弃采石场的综合利用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

第一次全国污染源普查档案归档工作的探讨

本文对污染源普查档案工作归纳总结,它是普查工作保留的重要成果,也为将来的环境监测、环境管理提供重要的依据。     

Sustainable outsourcing: a practice survey and research opportunities

This paper addresses the issue of the sustainability imperative and its influence on outsourcing practice. The research initially finds that there is currently little or no work that explores sustainable or green outsourcing, other than in an information technology context. This lack of research on sustainable outsourcing practice in the industrial organisation sector led to the development of this research study. This exploratory study used a qualitative survey tool to investigate current industrial practice. Manufacturing managers in 57 organisations formed the survey sample. The data were analysed by comparison and clustering of responses of survey participants. This study contributes five key findings that demonstrate current industrial practice which includes: 32% of respondents state that sustainability is not a factor in their outsourcing decision making and 65% of small- and medium-sized enterprises had never heard of the ‘triple bottom line’ concept. Future research needs are identified and proposed highlighting that urgent development of research is required in outsourcing performance measurement and also in considering sustainability as a new manufacturing competitive priority.     

大型商业建筑室内步行街商铺火灾荷载调查研究

以我国不同城市的5家大型商业建筑为调查对象,通过现场调查及数据统计分析等方法,对其室内步行街两侧329家商铺的火灾荷载进行调查研究。对不同经营业态商铺数量在所调查商铺总数中所占比例及其地面面积进行了统计,并且获得了商铺内部可燃物种类、数量、质量、分布等情况。按照不同的经营业态,对所调查店铺的火灾荷载密度进行了统计和计算,得出了3种不同分位值的火灾荷载密度,并比较分析了不同经营业态店铺的火灾荷载密度,为大型商业建筑火灾危险性分析及火灾场景设定提供了基础数据。     

A field experiment characterizing variable detection rates during plant surveys

Surveys aimed at finding threatened and invasive species can be challenging due to individual rarity and low and variable individual detection rates. Detection rate in plant surveys typically varies due to differences among observers, among the individual plants being surveyed (targets), and across background environments. Interactions among these 3 components may occur but are rarely estimated due to limited replication and control during data collection. We conducted an experiment to investigate sources of variation in detection of 2 Pilosella species that are invasive and sparsely distributed in the Alpine National Park, Australia. These species are superficially similar in appearance to other yellow-flowered plants occurring in this landscape. We controlled the presence and color of flowers on target Pilosella plants and controlled their placement in plots, which were selected for their variation in cover of non-target yellow flowers and dominant vegetation type. Observers mimicked Pilosella surveys in the plots and reported 1 categorical and 4 quantitative indicators of their survey experience level. We applied survival analysis to detection data to model the influence of both controlled and uncontrolled variables on detection rate. Orange- and yellow-flowering Pilosella in grass- and heath-dominated vegetation were detected at a higher rate than nonflowering Pilosella. However, this detection gain diminished as the cover of other co-occurring yellow-flowering species increased. Recent experience with Pilosella surveys improved detection rate. Detection experiments are a direct and accessible means of understanding detection processes and interpreting survey data for threatened and invasive species. Our detection findings have been used for survey planning and can inform progress toward eradication. Interaction of target and background characteristics determined detection rate, which enhanced predictions in the Pilosella eradication program and demonstrated the difficulty of transferring detection findings into untested environments.     

濮阳市工业污染特征与产业布局调整路径探析

基于2017年濮阳市第二次全国污染源普查数据,采用聚类分析和核密度分析的方法对濮阳市行业结构特征、工业污染集聚特征进行了分析。结果表明,濮阳市支柱行业为石化行业,工业总产值占比36.92%,远高于其他行业;非金属矿物制品企业数量最多,污染物排放总量最高;颗粒物排放量占濮阳市工业污染源排放总量的33%,占比最高;非金属矿物制品业与石油、煤炭及其他燃料加工业是濮阳市废气污染物的主要来源,石油、煤炭及其他燃料加工业与农副产品加工业是濮阳市废水污染物的主要来源;濮阳市产业集聚区是污染物产排的重要区域,其污染物产生量占濮阳市污染物产生总量的95.49%,污染物排放量占濮阳市排放总量的63.05%。而非产业集聚区的污染物排放量占濮阳市排放总量的36.95%,是精准治污的重点。针对濮阳市产业结构和产业布局现状,提出,重新整合辖区非金属矿物制品业,继续做强石化行业,兼顾发展污染物排放强度低的行业;挖掘产业集聚区减排潜力,建设绿色产业集聚区是经济与环境协调发展的重要途径;非产业集聚区企业应因地制宜,政策引导,发挥中小企业自主能动性,提升环境质量。以期为濮阳市产业布局调整提供技术支持。     

滨海平原咸水入侵灾害动态监测及综合减灾对策研究——以潍河下游平原为例

海（咸）水入侵是现代社会中典型的资源－环境－灾害问题,准确掌握咸水入侵动态变化的规律和信息,是进行预测、预报、减灾、防灾的科学基础和工作依据。据此,本文为咸水入侵的实时监测、分析、预测以及减灾方案决策与评估等提供了一个完善系统,并且提出了咸水入侵防治途径及综合减灾对策。