Immobilization of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ during geopolymerization

The present research explored the application of geopolymerization for the immobilization and solidification of heavy metal added into metakaolinte. The compressive strength of geopolymers was controlled by the dosage of heavy metal cations, and geopolymers have a toleration limit for heavy metals. The influence of alkaline activator dosage and type on the heavy metal ion immobilization efficiency of metakaolinte-based geopolymer was investigated. A geopolymer with the highest heavy metal immobilization efficiency was identified to occur at an intermediate Na₂SiO₃ dosage and the metal immobilization efficiency showed an orderly increase with the increasing Na⁺ dosage. Geopolymers with and without heavy metals were analyzed by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. No crystalline phase containing heavy metals was detected in geopolymers with heavy metal, suggesting that the crystalline phase containing heavy metals is not produced or most of the phases incorporating heavy metals are amorphous. FTIR spectroscopy showed that, with increasing heavy metal addition, an increase in NO3- peak intensity was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease in the CO32- peak.     

工业固废基地聚合物的制备及其吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的性能

地聚合物（GP）具有三维立体网状结构,对重金属有良好的吸附性能,通常由偏高岭土等制得,但利用工业固体废物制备GP及探究其吸附性能的研究还相对较少.因此,本研究以煤矸石掺杂赤泥作为原料制备GP,采用酸溶法探究在不同制备条件下GP各组分的变化及其与重金属吸附性能的关系,同时评估其浸出毒性.结果表明,在未加外源硅的情况下,GP对水溶液中Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附性能会随着凝胶含量的增加而提升,而外源硅则可以促进原料中Al₂O₃的溶出,改变凝胶的性质,进而提升其吸附性能.同时,相较于NaOH和NaOH+NaAlO₂激活剂,采用NaOH+Na₂SiO₃激活剂制备得到的GP对重金属的吸附性能更优异,理论最大吸附量达到137.7 mg·g^-1.GP对水溶液中Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学规律,吸附过程也很好地符合Langmuir等温方程.另外,GP可以有效地固化原材料中的重金属,减少其浸出.XRD等分析表明,煤矸石掺杂赤泥作为原料可以制备具有良好重金属吸附性能的GP.本研究可为工业固废的综合利用提供新的途径和方法,为以废治废提供理论指导.     

地聚物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰固化体抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀性能的研究

为了探讨地聚合物固化生活垃圾焚烧飞灰后形成的固化体抗强酸性微生物的侵蚀性能,模拟氧化硫杆菌的腐蚀过程,考察经氧化硫杆菌浸泡前后地聚物固化体质量、抗压强度、浸出浓度的变化.结果表明,地聚物固化体具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌侵蚀能力:浸泡28 d后,质量损失<1%;抗压强度仍达到了21.88MPa,抗蚀系数在0.9以上;重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb的最大浸出浓度仅为:107.7、22.71、39.18、0.56、34.84和3.03μg.L-1.并且重金属的浸出浓度随浸泡时间而降低,表明了地聚物具有良好的抗氧化硫杆菌腐蚀的性能.实验通过X-ray衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)的分析对地聚物固化体的微观结构进行了表征,并探讨了地聚物固化体抗酸腐蚀性能的机制.