发挥非政府组织作用推进防震减灾工作

防震减灾工作是一项社会性的系统工程；非政府组织在社会管理和服务中发挥着重要的参与作用。非政府组织参与防震减灾工作，将使防震减灾工作受到事半功倍的效果。本文分析了非政府组织在防震减灾领域的作用，根据我国政府组织发展的实践，提出了在防震减灾管理工作发挥非政府组织作用的思路。     

福州内河水环境问题及综合治理建议

水环境是城市形象的具体体现,是城市规划与建设的一个重要组成部分.随着福州市的经济的不断发展,如何进一步加强福州市的生态建设、科学治理内河污染已成为福州市政府和人民关心的问题,也是环境工作者不可推卸的责任.文章介绍了福州城区内河现状及综合治理情况,分析了其存在的主要问题,并提出了内河水环境综合规划治理措施,为下阶段内河治理提供参考建议.     

中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的理论和实证分析

目前，城市污水处理厂的建设速度比较迟缓，地方政府建设城市污水处理厂积极性不高，针对这一现状，文章对城市污水处理厂的外部性和投资资金不足等原因进行了调查和分析，在城市基础设施建设资金不足的背景下，城市污水处理厂投资体制不能满足城市污水处理的需求，因此，城市污水处理厂的外部性和流域水污染防治的系统性要求中央政府承担建设城市污水处理厂的主要责任，另外，流域内社会经济发展的普遍不平衡，以及国外在城市污水处理厂投资方面的一些成功经验，都说明了中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的必要性。     

Coercive versus cooperative pollution control: Comparative study of state programs to reduce erosion and sedimentation pollution in urban areas

This article examines coercive and cooperative approaches to implementing state urban erosion and sedimentation pollution control programs. State administrators report serious shortfalls in their ability to control sources of pollution, but comparison of more and less successful programs provides evidence of what states can do to make programs more effective. Key ingredients for a successful state effort include the use of coercion with both the private sector and local government, adequate staffing, application of severe sanctions when violations of state standards are detected, and provision of technical assistance. Many state programs lack one or more of those elements, which explains their inability to adequately control urban erosion and sedimentation pollution.     

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' WATER KNOWLEDGE1

ABSTRACT: This study examines the social construction of county commissioners' knowledge about water. Factors that influence what commissioners know about water include each commissioner's personal characteristics, education, experience in natural resources management, involvement in policy making, and use and evaluation of various sources of information. This study focused on county commissioners representing rural, mixed, and urban counties in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah and collected data through mail surveys and interviews. County commissioners in the survey were well educated; however, few had taken college courses directly addressing technical, management, or legal aspects of water issues. Approximately one-third had direct experience in farming and ranching; nearly two-thirds indicated that farming and ranching played a major role in their communities. Respondents had experience with a broad range of water policy issues. In evaluating thirteen information sources in terms of their frequency of use, relevancy, and reliability, respondents assessed fellow commissioners and local government staff and managers most positively and nonprofit organizations most negatively. The media was also broadly rated as less relevant and reliable than other sources of information. The commissioners in the study expressed a high level of general concern about water issues and a strung preference for local sources of information.     

地方政府与中国乡村的可持续发展——以浙江省横店镇可持续发展实验区为个案

在可持续发展过程中。政府、民间组织、企业和个人都有其能够发挥作用的地方．但是。地方政府可以说是实现地方可持续发展之关键。以浙江省东阳市横店镇可持续发展实验区为个案。深入探讨地方政府与地方可持续发展的关系。文章的一个基本结论是，从横店镇可持续发展实验区案例来看．我国乡村的可持续发展应该走政府主导的模式．而只有强化地方政府的能力（包括规划、资源与领导能力等）。方能培育地方良治（good governance）与支持可持续发展。     

新形势下环境维权发展与研究

随着环境污染形势的加剧、社会民众环保意识的提高,环境维权开始在中国逐渐发展起来,虽然目前仍处于初级阶段,面临着诉讼维权困难、相关体制不健全等众多问题,但环境维权在新形势下已经呈现出诸多新的特征.本文通过对常州外国语学校"常外"事件进行分析,阐述了中国目前环境维权事件所具备的新特征,并在此基础上,从转变政府职能、拓展利益诉求渠道、加强法治力度三个角度出发,对政府管理提出相关建议,希望能够完善环境维权制度、促进环境维权在中国的健康发展.     

环境保护公信体系构架和建设的探索

本文对环境保护的公信体系建设进行了探索。首先，对环境保护公信体系的概念作出了解释；其次，对环境保护公信体系的建设内容、建设框架做出了思考；最后，在对环境保护公信体系的建设方法方面，结合电子政务系统的优势，探索了建立电子环境保护公信体系平台的可能性。     

成本倒逼:政府机构节能管理新思路

从政府机构节能的紧迫性出发。基于“企业化政府”理论和政府机构节能管理工作存在的问题。分析了将“成本倒逼法”引入政府机构节能管理工作的理论依据和现实基础。论证“成本倒遇法”在政府机构节能管理工作中的实际应用。     

Incorporation of environmental issues in South Africa’s municipal Integrated Development Plans

The transition to full democracy in South Africa in 1994 saw local government becoming the focal point for dealing with socio-economic development needs of communities. The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) has been used as the tool for guiding local development objectives, balanced against environmental demands within a sustainable development paradigm. Here we examine the extent to which this is being achieved through an analysis of IDPs from 35 different municipalities at three scales. We test the hypothesis that the metropolitan municipalities are better at mainstreaming environmental issues into their IDPs than local and district municipalities. Results indicate that mainstreaming environmental issues in IDPs is still low. The hypothesis that metropoles are better at mainstreaming environmental issues than district and local municipalities was not accepted since there were no significant differences between municipalities. There was low relative budget allocations and inclusion of vision and mission statements that mainstream environmental issues in all municipalities. For mainstreaming of environmental issues to be effective in IDPs, both proactive approaches and multi-faceted bottom-up and top-down approaches are suggested.