低分子有机酸强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用与机制

植物修复是利用植物的物理、化学作用去除污染土壤中重金属的技术方法,可以减少二次污染物的产生,具有经济可行性.低分子有机酸（LMWOAs）具有生物降解性和环境友好性,在重金属污染土壤植物修复中具有较强的应用潜力.综述了LMWOAs在植物修复中的作用机制,主要包括：①调控根茎叶发育,增加植物生物量,强化植物富集效果;②增强光合作用,提升植物抗性,提高对重金属的耐受能力;③改变根际土壤性质,提高根际微生物活性,促进对重金属的吸收;④改变重金属形态,减轻重金属毒性,提高转运效率.最后阐述了LMWOAs强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的优缺点及应用,提出了LMWOAs在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的研究方向,这对LMWOAs在未来植物修复中的研究和应用具有科学意义.     

基于职能特征分类的政府部门安全生产绩效测量评估机制研究

政府部门工作绩效测量是对政府部门工作开展的效率、效益、公平、秩序等方面进行评估,安全生产工作作为政府部门的主要工作职责,应当开展科学合理的绩效评估。基于政府职能部门的职能划分,分析其在履行职责、责任落实等方面的典型特征,进行绩效评估对象的分类,针对各类部门确定评估指标设计思路,建立评估结果测算模型,设计绩效测量流程,并在华东某省进行实证应用。基于职能特征分类的政府部门安全生产绩效测量评估机制的建立,能够科学、客观分析政府部门安全生产工作落实情况,促进党委政府领导责任、部门监管责任、企业责任、员工责任的层层压实。     

大秦岭生态文明建设的意义与对策

秦岭在中华文明的繁衍和发展过程中发挥了重要作用,被誉为"中华龙脉"。秦岭既是中国南北分界线,也是"天然中药库"和"世界生物基因库",在以建设文明生态环境为主旋律的新时代,秦岭南北麓依然出现了不同程度的无序开发和违章建设别墅等有悖生态文明建设的乱象,如何保护秦岭,协同推进秦岭生态文明建设具有非凡的意义。为此,本文从人类社会发展史和科学史维度上,阐述了生态文明与原始文明、农耕文明和工业文明各阶段在解决的关键问题、文明的标志与内涵、人与自然的关系等方面的本质区别;从生态系统服务功能维度上(水源涵养、环境净化、生物多样性维护、生物固碳与气候调节等),阐明了秦岭生态文明建设的重要意义;从思想、行动和科学三个维度上,指出了秦岭生态文明建设必须提高思想认识,一以贯之习近平生态文明思想,提高政治站位,与党中央保持高度一致,用系统论思想制定科学规划,以水环境、土壤环境、大气环境、植被以及野生珍稀动植物的保护为根本目标,从工业活动、农业活动、资源开发利用、人类日常生活干扰等多个方向协同推进,为中国社会可持续发展提供生态保障。     

关于建立城市声环境自动监测系统的设想

文章以随机过程“各态历径”理论说明了“定点测量法”与“网格测量法”的内在联系 ,提出了以城市建成区内各类不同环境功能区为基础进行城市声环境自动监测系统监测点位布设的技术规范设想。     

Sustainability,education and local government: insights from the Australian state of Victoria

Local government (LG) is increasingly playing a role in tackling environmental issues and promoting sustainability. An important element of this LG focus is sustainability education and engagement, yet only few details on the nature of these activities are evident. Similarly there is little understanding of the professional competencies required by LG staff to deliver the relevant sustainability education and engagement activities. A web-based survey of LG sustainability officers in the State of Victoria (Australia) provides insight into the focus of these officers’ work and the competencies they rely on. The findings seek to guide the training and employment of LG sustainability staff and the effective delivery of sustainability education and engagement activities. Broadly, the sustainability officers surveyed are closely involved with activities within their LG organisation, but are engaging less so with specific education institutions, organisational sectors and the community in general. In keeping with this, the major sustainability education and engagement focuses are collaboration with peers and stakeholders, rather than community-wide initiatives. For undertaking sustainability education and engagement activities, systems-thinking, anticipatory competence and normative competence were highlighted as important; however, strategic competence and interpersonal competence were considered most important.     

The use of best management practices to respond to externalities from developing shale gas resources

The public is concerned that activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing in the development of shale gas resources are unnecessarily adversely affecting them and the environment and is petitioning elected representatives to take actions to reduce risks. The health risks associated with fracturing chemicals and air pollutants are relatively unknown and constitute the impetus for public concern. An evaluation of state legal and regulatory provisions regarding best management practices discloses that states are not adopting timely regulations to protect people and the environment from activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing. Simultaneously, regulatory policy concerning negative externalities suggests that governments underinvest in the protection of human health and environmental quality. Governments have choices in protecting people from dangers that accompany shale gas development. Due to the risks of injuries and unpaid damages from shale gas development, governmental policies need to evolve to accord people greater health protection.     

“一带一路”视域下环境保护问题的战略定位与治理体系

环境保护是"一带一路"建设的重要议题,它所面临的挑战更多源于沿线国家和地区经济发展任务繁重与生态环境先天脆弱之间的矛盾。仅仅依靠单个政府部门或某一政策,或者仅仅依靠单个国家或地区的某一倡议与行动,均不足以应对"一带一路"建设中的跨国环境风险,这将倒逼国内与国际社会提升环境保护的战略地位,构建新型环境治理体系。"一带一路"沿线的各地政府不仅要发挥生态环保的示范作用,还要建立横向若干部门和纵向各级政府的协同治理机制,完善环境保护跨国合作制度,鼓励企业、NGO组织与民间力量、智库共同参与环境治理。     

The Introduction of the Precautionary Principle in Danish Environmental Policy: The Case of Plant Growth Retardants

In this paper, we investigate the Precautionary Principle (PP) in action. Precaution is a fairly new concept in environmental policy. It emerged back in the 1960s but did not consolidate until the 1980s, as it formed part of the major changes taking place in environmental policies at that time. The PP is examined in three contexts. Firstly, we look at the meaning of the concept and how it is disseminated through the media and public discourses to the political arenas of Denmark. Then we examine how the idea is adopted to the political level. Thirdly, we look briefly at the first Danish translation of the principle into a practical context, which includes translations into concrete scientific practices. It is concluded that if the PP shall be more than a simple “idea” or a frequently used “term,” emphasis must be put on the transformation of the concept into concrete practices, like e.g., the alternative testing regimes that we show in the case of plant growth-retarding pesticides presented in this paper.     

燕麦对盐碱胁迫的反应和适应性

研究了自然盐碱胁迫对燕麦植株生长、水势、渗透调节物质质量分数以及对K 、Na 选择性吸收的影响,结果表明,随着土壤盐碱胁迫的增强燕麦植株生长受抑,叶片和根系的水势较对照均有所降低,其中裸燕麦较皮燕麦水势下降幅度大,表明裸燕麦比皮燕麦对盐碱胁迫更敏感。燕麦叶片内脯氨酸和可溶性糖累积。随着土壤盐碱胁迫的增强植株对Na 的吸收增加,对K 的吸收受到抑制,从而使w(Na )/w(K )和SNa K 值升高。在盐碱胁迫下,燕麦是以合成和积累有机溶质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)以及吸收和积累无机离子(Na )来进行渗透调节,以适应盐碱胁迫。     

黄河水量统一调度实施前后河口三角洲生态环境变化研究

全流域水量统一调度是缓解黄河断流,维护流域生态环境的重要举措。水量调度效果如何,河口生态环境变化状况是非常重要的衡量指标。文章提出了评价水量调度效果的河口生态环境对比指标,并尝试运用遥感技术、水文数据和调查资料,对比分析了水量调度前后河口三角洲生态环境变化情况。结果表明,黄河水量统一调度后,河口三角洲最小河道生态基流在非汛期基本得到满足,断流现象不再发生,径流入海率和输沙入海量有所增加,淡水湿地面积逐渐增多,物种多样性明显得到改善。这反映出黄河流域水量统一调度后,河口三角洲生态环境正逐步恢复。