Thinking,feeling and deciding: The influence of emotions on the decision making and performance of traders

We report on a qualitative investigation of the influence of emotions on the decision making of traders in four City of London investment banks, a setting where work has been predominantly theorized as dominated by rational analysis. We conclude that emotions and their regulation play a central role in traders' decision making. We find differences between high and low performing traders in how they engage with their intuitions, and that different strategies for emotion regulation have material consequences for trader behavior and performance. Traders deploying antecedent‐focused emotional regulation strategies achieve a performance advantage over those employing primarily response‐focused strategies. We argue that, in particular, response‐focused approaches incur a performance penalty, in part because of the reduced opportunity to combine analysis with the use of affective cues in making intuitive judgments. We discuss the implications for our understanding of emotion and decision making, and for traders' practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国安全生产规制体制及其运行模式

为健全我国安全生产法律制度体系,提高安全监管效率,采用规制理论,提出安全生产规制范畴并分析其构成要素。结合当前实际情况,将我国安全生产规制按规制主体的不同可划分为3种类型即立法规制、行政规制和司法规制,并按内容的不同总结归纳为6个方面的规制,即作业场所安全条件及安全健康标准规制、安全投入及工伤保险规制、安全生产管理及责任规制、安全生产市场准入规制、安全生产监管规制、事故责任追究规制。在此基础上,绘制出我国现行安全生产规制体制的运行模式图,认为安全生产监管规制和事故责任追究规制是保障其他各种规制得到有效落实和确保规制目标得以实现的关键。     

基于土地利用的厦门市生态水文调节服务评估

生态系统具有重要的水文调节服务,通过对降水截留、过滤、吸收等手段,能够起到削峰补枯、缓和地表径流、增加地下径流的作用.以厦门市为研究对象,采用SWAT（soil and water assessment tool）水文模型评估了2015年厦门市生态系统水文调节服务;以土地利用为驱动变量,对2010年厦门市生态水文调节服务进行了评估,分析近年来厦门市加快城市绿化和海绵城市建设背景下土地利用变化对厦门市生态水文调节服务的影响.结果表明:2015年厦门市生态水文调节量为5.43×108 m3,时空差异较为明显.从各辖区来看,位于北部山区的同安区调节量（2.91×108 m3）最高,单位面积生态水文调节量（44.61×104 m3/km2）亦最高;建成区内的湖里区调节量和单位面积调节量均最低.从年内分布来看,5—9月生态水文调节量占全年的84.96%,生态系统有效减缓了径流输出,起到削峰的作用;10—11月,生态系统通过拦蓄降水,将其转换为土壤水和地下径流,使得该时期的实际径流大于潜在径流,起到补充枯期径流的作用.在相同气象条件下,2010年和2015年厦门市生态水文调节能力的空间分布整体一致,相比于2010年,2015年厦门市生态水文调节能力有明显提高,各辖区调节量和单位面积调节量均有所增加.研究显示,厦门市生态水文调节服务受气象条件和土地利用的共同作用,降水量越大,生态水文调节量越大,并且北部高植被覆盖区的生态水文调节能力高于南部建成区.      

某RDX基浇注PBX的加速老化规律与寿命评估

目的掌握环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)基浇注高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)的加速老化规律,分析老化机理和关键敏感参量,并探讨加速老化寿命评估方法。方法针对RDX基浇注PBX开展60、70、80℃等恒定温度下的加速贮存老化试验,采用微焦点X射线计算机断层扫描仪(微焦点CT)、核磁共振、气相色谱等方法,分析浇注炸药在老化过程中微孔隙率、交联密度以及增塑剂含量等结构参量的变化规律,通过对这几种参量的对比,分析其老化机理,并进一步对加速老化寿命评估方法进行初步探讨。结果浇注PBX在加速老化过程中会出现明显的孔隙率逐渐增加、交联密度逐渐增加以及增塑剂逐渐降低等问题,且表现为温度越高,相关性能参量变化得越快。鉴于增塑剂含量的降低理论上会导致孔隙率增加,且增塑剂具有降低感度的作用,对于侵彻安定性具有较大的影响,且增塑剂含量的表征方法简便,以增塑剂含量作为浇注PBX的敏感参量,采用阿伦尼乌斯模型,对浇注PBX的寿命进行了评估。结论RDX基浇注PBX在加速老化过程中孔隙率、交联密度以及增塑剂含量会出现较为明显的变化,可作为性能评价的敏感参量。以增塑剂含量作为敏感参量,以增塑剂含量降低10%为判据,推导出RDX基浇注PBX的寿命约为14.5 a(25℃)和23.8 a(21℃)。     

有色金属企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响研究——基于环境规制的调节效应与门槛效应分析

基于2014—2020年我国有色金属上市公司的数据,通过构建基准模型、调节效应模型、门槛效应模型,实证检验了企业环保投资对企业竞争力的影响。结果表明:①环保投资对企业竞争力具有显著的促进作用,引入环境规制变量后,发现其对环保投资与企业竞争力之间的关系产生了正向调节作用。②相比于我国非国有企业和西部地区,环境规制对有色金属企业环保投资与企业竞争力之间的正向调节效应在国有企业和中、东部地区企业中更加明显。③以环境规制为门槛变量进行深入分析,发现环境规制存在双重门槛效应,当环境规制大于或等于2.203这一门槛值时,环保投资对企业竞争力的促进作用才会显著。     

基于DEA-TOPSIS时间序列的建筑业政府安全监管效率分析

为对建筑业政府安全监管效率进行科学合理的评价,优化资源配置,提高资源利用率,提升监管水平,在建立效率评价指标体系的基础上,将数据包络分析法(DEA)和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)组合,构建建筑业政府安全监管效率评价模型,对2012—2019年西安市建筑业政府安全监管效率进行实证分析。结果表明：该模型能较好地应用于建筑业政府安全监管效率评价,通过获取政府投入指标的松弛变量值,分析建筑业政府安全监管效率,为政府优化资源配置提供借鉴。     

燃气汽车的经济外部性分析及发展策略研究

从经济外部性的角度出发，对燃气汽车和燃油汽车进行了比较分析，论主下了燃油汽车具有负的外部性以及燃气汽车具有正的外部性。为解决外部性问题、促进燃气汽车发展，政府干预是必要的。     

Duty and Standards of Care for Drinking Water Regulation in Australia

The application of mandatory drinking water standards in Australia should ensure a basic water quality for all communities, with some standards written as a function of population. The main tenet of feasibility would be the capture of public benefits which foreseeably outweighed costs. Benefit-cost analysis can be a very valuable tool which aids in the decision process, however care must be taken to avoid institutional abuse or an over-positioned stature because of its applicative constraints.Many of the benefits associated with drinking water standards will often defy accurate itemization or monetization, and hence feasibility will frequently rely on approximations and a close analysis of case merits. Risk assessment is often used to estimate benefits accrued. Two common methods for valuing water quality are (a) cost of illness approaches, and (b) willingness to pay to avoid risk. The advantage of willingness to pay is that it engenders a larger interpretation of cost and quality value, and allows the community to rank preferences based on their willingness to avoid unnecessary risks.Given the technicalities and details in 'smart' water quality regulation which avoids unnecessary intrusion caused by ill-founded and unresolved clarity, lengthy drafting deliberations may often be necessary. The statutory and administrative structure of a future regulator is therefore a fundamental facet under-pinning the success of a comprehensive and responsive mandatory program. The process and rationale for regulatory development should be transparent and open, and this should include mandatory opportunities for public input during regulation drafting. Post inauguration mechanisms for suggestions on possible improvements and review of real world application should be considered important aspects of this process. Good models for comparison currently exist in the United States and Europe.     

Regulating post-implantation fetal sex selection: a UK perspective

This article reviews the current and potential laws relevant to post-implantation fetal social sex selection and considers whether they could provide an effective deterrent and control of the practice, if the United Kingdom decided that such control were desirable. It concludes that enacting, drafting and enforcing of any legislation throws up many difficult practical and ethical issues. These issues need to be debated and further information collected before any legislation is rushed into. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

退耕还林政策的激励机制缺陷

运用公共经济学中中央政府与地方职能划分的原则、土地竞租原理和产权经济学理论。分析了退耕还林中地方政府和农民承担的成本和收益损失。认为中央政府在退耕还林中忽视了地方政府的利益需求。不仅对地方政府在退耕还林中的生态贡献补偿不足。而且加重了地方政府的工作负担和财政负担。对地方政府缺乏激励；对农民的补偿较之于其在退耕还林中承担的直接成本、间接成本和林业经营的巨大风险。现有补偿数量不足。时间短；林地承包经营权限制性强、缺乏可交易性又使产权激励功能弱化。退耕还林要实现“退得下、稳得住、不返弹”的目标，必须加大对退耕还林地区地方政府和农民补偿额度。并建立长期、稳定、合理的生态补偿机制。