微氧条件下厌氧折流板反应器运行特性研究

对厌氧折流板反应器（anaerobic baffled reactor,ABR)在微氧条件下的运行特性进行试验研究,分析了ABR在微氧条件下高效运行的可行性。研究结果表明,适量氧的加入能使ABR的COD去除率提高,出水VFA浓度降低。进水COD为4 000 mg/L,HRT为12 h的相同条件下与厌氧相比,微氧ABR出水COD和VFA浓度的降幅分别为63.7%和66%;微氧ABR内氨氮的去除主要通过同步硝化反硝化和短程硝化反硝化作用;适量氧的加入可以提高微生物的产甲烷活性。     

螺旋升流式反应器脱氮除磷系统的运行效果与污泥性能分析

对螺旋升流式反应器脱氮除磷及去除COD的运行效果进行了研究 ,该系统连续稳定运行 6个月的结果表明 ,能保证出水平均质量浓度TN小于 1 0mg/L ,TP小于 0 5 0mg/L ,COD小于 31mg/L ,对TN、TP和COD的去除率分别达 86 %、96 %和 94 %以上。并且对SUFR系统的污泥性能进行了分析 :(1 )螺旋升流特征使本反应系统中的污泥易于颗粒化 ;(2 )SUFR系统中的微生物种群具有多样性 ;(3)污泥在好氧反应器中表现出了同步硝化反硝化功能 ;(4 )污泥在缺氧反应器表现出了反硝化吸磷现象     

长期施肥条件下水稻土磷素分布特征及对水环境的污染风险

对太湖地区稻麦轮作黄泥土进行23 a长期施肥试验,设14种处理:不施肥(C0)、氮肥(CN)、氮钾肥(CNK)、氮磷肥(CNP)、磷钾肥(CPK)、氮磷钾肥(CNPK)、稻草加氮肥(CRN)、有机肥(M0)、有机肥加氮(MN)、有机肥加氮钾(MNK)、有机肥加氮磷(MNP)、有机肥加磷钾(MPK)、有机肥加氮磷钾(MNPK)、有机肥加稻草加氮(MRN)。结果表明:(1)与无磷处理比较,耕层(0—15 cm)全磷(TP)、有效磷(O lsen-P)和无机磷(I-P)含量均显著增加,有机磷(O-P)含量仅在MNP、MPK、MNPK和CPK处理中显著增加;耕层以下O-P无显著增加,MNPK、MNP、MRN和MN处理中I-P下移可达25 cm,而MNPK处理中TP及MNPK、CNP处理中O lsen-P下移可达30 cm;耕层磷素积累量及磷素下移深度与施磷量、施肥模式(化肥磷、有机肥磷;单施、混施)和磷素形态有关。(2)有机肥I-P下移深度比化肥I-P深。(3)不同施肥处理对水体环境存在不同的污染风险,其中以MNPK处理下土壤磷素对水体环境的污染风险最大;地表水的污染风险大于地下水,稻季的污染风险大于麦季,丰水年的污染风险大于平水年。     

垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理过程颗粒污泥生长特性

以上流式厌氧反应器为例,研究了渗滤液厌氧处理过程中颗粒污泥的生长特性。结果表明,反应器运行阶段,颗粒污泥粒径由0.96 mm增长至1.06 mm,MLVSS/MLSS大于0.76,污泥能够保持较高的活性。高污泥负荷有利于0.90 mm颗粒污泥生长,0.60~0.90 mm污泥颗粒生长过程中结构不稳定,易发生解体。厌氧颗粒污泥生长过程中,粒径较大的颗粒污泥的孔隙结构较为疏松,它对污泥的活性产生影响。随着孔隙率增大,污泥沉降速度由0.88 cm/s升至0.97cm/s。颗粒污泥表层与内部微生物分布不同,表层微生物以球菌为主,各微生物种群间紧密联系,颗粒污泥内部以短杆菌为主。     

FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理2-萘酚生产废水

2-萘酚生产废水具有COD高、BOD/COD值低和生物毒件高的特点,采用FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺对其模拟废水进行处理工艺的研究.结果表明:废水经Fenton氧化处理后,可将出水BOD/COD值从0.01提高至0.67;再经过厌氧和好氧处理后,出水COD为100 mg/L以下;该组合上艺总的COD去除去可达99%,且运行性能稳定,效果可靠.     

Eubacteria and Archaea community of simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge

Based on the successful performance of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with the capacity of simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD), the specific phylogenetic groups and community structure of microbes in the SMD granule in the UASB reactor were investigated by the construction of the Eubacteria and Archaea 16S rDNA clone libraries, fragment length polymorphism, and sequence blast. Real time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) technique was used to quantify the contents of Eubacteria and Archaea in the SMD granule. The contents of some special predominant methanogens were also investigated. The results indicated that the Methanosaeta and Methanobacteria were the predominant methanogens in all Archaea in the SMD granule, with contents of 71. 59% and 22. 73% in all 88 random Archaea clones, respectively. The diversity of Eubacteria was much more complex than that of Archaea. The low GC positive gram bacteria and Б-Protebacteria were the main predominant Eubacteria species in SMD granule, their contents were 49. 62% and 12. 03% in all 133 random Eubacteria clones respectively. The results of RTQ-PCR indicated that the content of Archaea was less than Eubacteria, the Archaea content in total microorganisms in SMD granule was about 27. 6%.     

Startup and operation of anaerobic EGSB reactor treating palm oil mill effluent

A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill ettluent (POME).The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d,with organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 1.45 to 17.5 kg COD/(m3·d).The results showed that the EGSB reactor had good performance in terms of COD removal on the one hand,high COD removal of 91% Was obtained at two days’ of hydraulic retention time (HRT),and the highest OLR of 17.5 kg COD/(m3·d).On the other hand,only 46% COD in raw POME Was transformed into biogas in which the methane content was about 70% (v/v).A 30-d intermittent experiment indicated that the maximum transformation potential of organic matter in raw POME into methane Was 56%.Volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation was observed in the later operation stage,and this Was settled by supplementing trace metal elements.On the whole,the system exhibited good stability in terms of acidity and alkalinity.Finally, the operational problems inherent in the laboratory scale experiment and the corresponding countermeasures were also discussed.     

限NH4+和限NO2-厌氧氨氧化系统的运行特性及微生物种群特征

在控制进水TN浓度<50 mg·L^-1、水力停留时间为2.0 h和水温为20℃条件下,采用连续流完全混合式反应器对比研究了限NH₄⁺和限NO₂^-厌氧氨氧化系统的脱氮效能及微生物种群特征.结果表明,尽管两厌氧氨氧化反应器维持了类似的TN去除负荷[0.45～0.5 kg·(m³·d)^-1]和TN去除率(70%左右),但限NH₄⁺厌氧氨氧化反应器中ΔNO₃^-/ΔNH₄⁺呈现更快的上升趋势.批式试验及高通量测序结果表明,限NH₄⁺厌氧氨氧化反应器比限NO₂^-反应器具有更为显著的功能及微生物种群空间异质性.Candidatus_Brocadia是两反应器中的优势厌氧氨氧化菌属,限NH₄     

基于短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化的低碳源城市污水深度脱氮特性

短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化是一种新型生物脱氮技术,应用于城市污水深度脱氮有望大幅降低外碳源投加量.本研究接种厌氧氨氧化污泥,考察了短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化的深度脱氮性能与污泥特性.结果表明,接种厌氧氨氧化污泥可迅速启动短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化系统,在进水COD/TN为2.19±0.08时,出水TN浓度为(4.82±1.84)mg·L^-1,实现了低碳源污水深度脱氮.系统粒径大于0.20 mm的污泥占86.16%,污泥实现了颗粒化,有助于厌氧氨氧化菌在系统内的有效持留.将短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化深度脱氮应用于城市污水处理厂二沉池出水深度脱氮,可降低外碳源投加量,同时可降低污水处理厂硝化池耗氧量.     

多次进水-曝气的好氧颗粒污泥系统实验

选用SBR反应器R1和R2接种污水处理厂活性污泥,以生活污水为进水,分别采用一次进水-曝气策略和多次进水-曝气策略运行,对运行过程中粒径变化及处理效果进行研究.实验表明,运行56和39 d后R1和R2成功实现污泥颗粒化;稳定运行后R1和R2中出水COD、 TN和TP浓度(mg·L^-1)分别为29.7、 13.7、 0.31和19.2、 8.1、 0.37,去除率分别为87.7%、 75.6%、 95.1%和90.1%、 85.6%、 94.2%,其中颗粒平均粒径达到740μm和791μm.结果表明,相同运行时间下,R2中的出水NO^-₃-N浓度和出水TP浓度低于R1.运行后期,R1和R2中DPAO占全部PAOs的比值由最初11.17%分别增至25.47%和34.08%.与一次进水-曝气策略相比,采用多次进水-曝气策略运行在启动初期系统内NO^-₃-N浓度较低,PAOs受到的冲击更小,DPAO富集情况更好,除磷性能更好,利于AGS的形成.