AI-based runoff simulation based on remote sensing observations: A case study of two river basins in the United States and Canada

Data-driven techniques are used extensively for hydrologic time-series prediction. We created various data-driven models (DDMs) based on machine learning: long short-term memory (LSTM), support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machines, and an artificial neural network with backpropagation, to define the optimal approach to predicting streamflow time series in the Carson River (California, USA) and Montmorency (Canada) catchments. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-coverage dataset was applied to improve the streamflow estimate. In addition to the DDMs, the conceptual snowmelt runoff model was applied to simulate and forecast daily streamflow. The four main predictor variables, namely snow-coverage (S-C), precipitation (P), maximum temperature (T_max), and minimum temperature (T_min), and their corresponding values for each river basin, were obtained from National Climatic Data Center and National Snow and Ice Data Center to develop the model. The most relevant predictor variable was chosen using the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination feature selection approach. The results show that incorporating the MODIS snow-coverage dataset improves the models' prediction accuracies in the snowmelt-dominated basin. SVR and LSTM exhibited the best performances (root mean square error = 8.63 and 9.80) using monthly and daily snowmelt time series, respectively. In summary, machine learning is a reliable method to forecast runoff as it can be employed in global climate forecasts that require high-volume data processing.     

A remote sensing tool for near real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms and turbidity in reservoirs

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) diminish the utility of reservoirs for drinking water supply, irrigation, recreation, and ecosystem service provision. HABs decrease water quality and are a significant health concern in surface water bodies. Near real-time monitoring of HABs in reservoirs and small water bodies is essential to understand the dynamics of turbidity and HAB formation. This study uses satellite imagery to remotely sense chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a), phycocyanin concentrations, and turbidity in two reservoirs, the Grand Lake O′ the Cherokees and Hudson Reservoir, OK, USA, to develop a tool for near real-time monitoring of HABs. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2013 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2020 were used to train and test three different models that include multiple regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Performance was assessed by comparing the three models to estimate chl-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity. The results showed that RFR achieved the best performance, with R² values of 0.75, 0.82, and 0.79 for chl-a, turbidity, and phycocyanin, while multiple regression had R² values of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.46 and SVR had R² values of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.61 on the testing datasets, respectively. This paper examines the potential of the developed open-source satellite remote sensing tool for monitoring reservoirs in Oklahoma to assess spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality.     

基于SOCP-MKRVM的区域滑坡敏感性分析研究

为了提高相关向量机（RVM）在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的预测能力,提出了基于二阶锥规划的多核相关向量机 (SOCP-MKRVM)预测模型。以四川省低山丘陵区为例,选取了8个滑坡孕灾因子训练RVM预测模型,并分别运用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）和滑坡点密度2种方法对预测结果进行验证。通过与单核RVM模型的对比分析,结果表明:SOCP-MKRVM模型提高了对区域滑坡敏感性的评价能力,预测精度提高到71.33%,ROC曲线下面积达到0.741,滑坡点密度分布更加合理,两低敏感区之和为0.89个/100 km2,两高敏感区之和为6.54个/100 km2。     

模糊支持向量机在煤与瓦斯突出预测中的研究

模糊支持向量机(FSVM)综合了模糊理论和支持向量机(SVM)的学习理论,不仅继承了SVM在小样本情况下所具有的较强识别能力的特点,并且比SVM拥有更好的学习能力。在FSVM算法中,每个样本被赋予一个隶属度值,使得构造目标函数时不同的样本有不同的贡献,达到最大限度的消除噪声或者孤立点的效果。运用了灰色关联分析(GRA)对煤与瓦斯突出指标进行提取,引入了一个合适的模糊隶属度函数,并在此基础上提出了基于FSVM的煤与瓦斯突出预测的模型,通过实际数据的验证和其他预测方法的对比,证明了FSVM模型能够满足煤与瓦斯突出预测的要求。最后,将FSVM和传统SVM对同一组数据进行训练,证明了FSVM相比较传统SVM拥有更高的精确度。     

全尾砂絮凝沉降参数GA-SVM优化预测模型研究

为了得到经济、高效的絮凝沉降参数,建立GA_SVM预测模型进行优化选择。在优选过程中,以供砂浓度、絮凝剂单耗和絮凝剂添加浓度作为输入因子,以沉降速度作为综合输出因子,通过室内试验,建立训练、验证样本集;建立支持向量机（SVM）回归预测模型,用训练集对模型进行训练,进而以验证集预测值的均方误差作为适应度函数,通过遗传算法（GA）对SVM模型参数进行优化选择,应用优化得到的SVM模型对絮凝沉降参数进行预测、优化。以湖南某铅锌银矿为例,通过建立的GA_SVM模型对全尾砂絮凝沉降参数进行预测,优选出该矿最佳絮凝沉降参数为:供砂浓度20%-25%,絮凝剂单耗8g/t,添加浓度009%。经实验对比,该模型对絮凝沉降参数预测结果的相对误差能控制在5%左右,精确度较高,可以作为絮凝沉降参数优选的一种新思路     

基于GA-ELM的冲击地压危险性预测研究

为提高冲击地压预测的效率和准确率,在分析冲击地压影响因素的基础上,提出了一种将遗传算法(GA)与极限学习机(ELM)相结合的冲击地压预测的新方法。为了避免ELM受输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,算法采用GA对ELM的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差进行优化,建立GA-ELM冲击地压预测模型。利用某矿冲击地压统计数据对该模型进行了实例分析,将ELM、SVM和BP算法预测结果与该模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:GA-ELM模型具有较高的预测精度,可以相对准确、有效地对冲击地压发生的可能性进行预测。     

SDA脱硫工艺在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了沙钢集团4号360 m2烧结机全烟气脱硫项目的工艺选择、脱硫原理、工艺流程及投产后生产情况,通过对生产后运行分析,认为旋转喷雾干燥法(SDA)作为一种新型的脱硫工艺,适合作为烧结烟气脱硫的主工艺进行推广。     

烧结机头电除尘灰的处理与利用

针对烧结机头除尘灰的组成和特点进行分析,探讨了目前国内钢铁企业对烧结机头除尘灰处理的现状和存在的问题,对烧结机头除尘灰固体废弃物的处理与利用技术的发展提出了一些建议和展望。     

基于GA-ELM浆体管道输送临界流速预测模型研究

针对浆体管道输送临界流速预测难度大、精确度低等技术难题,提出了基于极限学习机(ELM)的临界流速预测模型,用训练集对模型进行训练,以验证集预测值的均方误差作为适应度函数,利用遗传算法(GA)对ELM模型参数进行优化,应用优化得到的ELM模型对预测集进行预测。以某矿山为例,模型参数优化结果如下:隐含层节点数L为400,输入权值ai、偏置向量bi最优组合下预测结果适应度为0.0201。采用优化的ELM模型对预测集进行预测,预测结果的最大相对误差x=3.96%,平均相对误差y=1.58%,对比BP神经网络(x=12.95%)和SVM模型(x=3.19%),表明ELM模型更加精确、高效。     

基于PCA-ELM模型的露采爆破振动对民房破坏的预测分析

针对露天采矿爆破振动对民房破坏的预测问题,采用主成分分析(PCA)和极限学习机(ELM)方法,选取爆破振幅、主频率、主频率持续时间、灰缝强度、砖墙面积率、房屋高度、屋盖形式、圈梁立柱、施工质量、场地条件10个主要影响因素。引入相关性分析在主成分分析过程中,对相关性高的指标进行降维,把得到的3个综合因子和爆破振幅、主频率、主频率持续时间、砖墙面积率作为输入变量,构建露天煤矿PCA-ELM预测模型。选取露天矿实际爆破过程中测量的100组数据作为模型训练样本,用另外20组数据作为测试样本进行预测。结果表明:对民房破坏影响因素中灰缝强度、房屋高度、屋盖形式、圈梁立柱、施工质量、场地条件之间具有较高的关联度。该模型处理高维数据时较传统的ELM算法具有预测精度高、稳定性好等特点,可准确预测爆破振动对民房的破坏程度,误判率为1/20。