基于FLAC3D分析的某铁矿充填效果研究

为解决辽宁某铁矿开采后地表沉陷问题,验证自研的复合激发尾砂胶结充填体充填效果,运用FLAC3D模拟软件对铁矿二步骤充填开采和地表沉陷进行数值模拟计算研究.研究结果表明:采用3种胶结充填体分别进行二步骤充填后,盐基、碱基、水泥基胶结充填体内部的应力平均值分别为0.92,0.79,0.93 MPa,最大位移值分别为38,2...     

Comparison of 85Kr and 3H Apparent Ground‐Water Ages for Source Water Vulnerability in the Collyer River Catchment,Maine1

Abstract: Apparent ground‐water ages as determined by the noble gas isotope ⁸⁵Kr and the water isotope ³H are compared. Refined gas extraction methodology at the wellhead permits efficient collection of Kr for ⁸⁵Kr isotope enrichment. ⁸⁵Kr isochrones elucidate areas of much younger ground‐water ages than ³H. Declining ³H activities in the catchment prevent its correlation with the youngest measured ⁸⁵Kr ages. Source water for most drinking water supplies in the Collyer River catchment is recharged within 40 years BP (2004). Mean‐age (τ) transport modeling suggests uncertainty of ground‐water ages is greatest in the central basin area.     

Efficient and Practical Approaches to Ground‐Water Right Transfers Under the Prior Appropriation Doctrine and the Snake River Example1

Abstract: Water right transfers are one of the basic means of implementing changes in water use in the highly appropriated water resource systems of the western United States. Many of these systems are governed by the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, which was not originally intended for application to ground‐water pumping and the conjunctive management of ground water and surface water, and thus creates an administrative challenge. That challenge results from the fact that ground‐water pumping can affect all interconnected surface‐water bodies and the effects may be immeasurably small relative to surface water discharge and greatly attenuated in time. Although we may have the ability to calculate the effects of ground‐water pumping and transfers of pumping location on surface‐water bodies, mitigating for all the impacts of each individual transfer is sufficiently inefficient that it impedes the transfer process, frustrates water users, and consequently inhibits economic development. A more holistic approach to ground‐water right transfers, such as a ground‐water accounting or banking scheme, may adequately control transfer third‐party effects while reducing mitigation requirements on individual transfers. Acceptance of an accounting scheme can accelerate the transfer process, and possibly reduce the administrative burden.     

Fluorine distribution in aquatic environment and its health effect in the Western Region of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Endemic fluorosis was investigated and studied in the west region of the Songnen plain, Northeast China in 2001–2002. The results showed that the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment was that the fluorine concentrations in the lake water and unconfined ground water were higher than that in the river water and confined ground water. The lake water (Alkali lake) is connected with unconfined ground water. In unconfined ground water, from the east and southeast areas to the west and the northwest areas of the plain, fluorine concentration fluctuated with high and low alternatively. The fluorine in the water comes from the weathering of rocks and minerals in the mountains and hills around the Songnen Plain. The main influence factors of the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment are discussed. Unconfined ground water containing high fluorine is used as drinking water. In this region, the fluorine concentration in drinking water is evidently correlated to the morbidity of dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluorine concentration in drinking water has endangered human health.     

Agricultural Chemicals in the Alluvial Aquifer of a Typical County of the Arkansas Delta

Statistical methods and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to investigate potential indicators of ground water vulnerability to agricultural chemical contamination in a representative area of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer. A total of 47 wells were sampled for analysis of nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, and 13 pesticides commonly-used in the area. Ten soil and hydrogeologic variables and five ground water vulnerability indices were examined to explain the variations of chemical concentrations. The results showed that no individual soil or hydrogeologic variables or their linear combinations could explain more than 25% of the variation of the chemical concentrations. A quadratic response surface model with the values of confining unit thickness, slope, soil permeability, depth to ground water, and recharge rate accounted for 62% of the variation of nitrate, 43% of P, and 83% of K, suggesting that the interactions among soil and hydrogeologic variables were significant. Observed trends of decreasing nitrate and P concentrations with increasing well depth and/or depth to ground water seemed to correlate with carbonate equilibrium in the aquifer and more reduced environment with depth. In view of uncertainties involved, it was recognized that the limitations associated with input data resolution used in GIS and the formulation of leaching indices limited their use for predicting ground water vulnerability. Misuse of pesticides could be another factor that would complicate the relationships between pesticide concentrations and the vulnerability indices.     

人工神经网络在预测深基坑周边地表沉降变形中的应用研究

深基坑开挖引起的周边地表变形预测是一个复杂非线性问题,引起地表沉降的影响因素很多,各因素之间呈高度的非线性关系。传统的基坑用边地表沉降变形预测方法存在着一定的局限性,其预测精度有待提高,而人工神经网络是一种多元非线性动力学系统,可以灵活方便地对多成因的复杂未知系统进行高度建模,实现全面考虑各种主要影响因素的深基坑周边地表沉降变形预测。本文介绍了误差反向传播(BP)网络模型的结构、学习过程及其算法的改进,径向基函数(RBF)网络模型的结构及其学习过程;分析了影响深基坑开挖周边土体沉降变形的主要影响因素;以25个基坑工程的地表沉降实测资料为训练样本,建立了11个输入影响因素的BP神经网络模型和RBF神经网络模型,通过对样本的学习训练过程及对5个检验样本的预测精度,说明了人工神经网络用于预测基坑周边地表沉降的可行性和准确性。     

强制电流阴极保护阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性研究*

为研究杂散电流干扰影响范围及严重程度,通过现场测试典型深井和浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度,探讨地表电位梯度分布规律,分析阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性。结果表明:深井阳极地床地表电位梯度沿阳极井中心辐射线方向先增大后减小,浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度沿垂直于阳极体方向呈递减趋势;浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度峰值和衰减速率均大于深井阳极,但强干扰平均影响半径仅为深井阳极的1/2;从强干扰影响半径看,应优先选用浅埋阳极地床;可通过适当增加井深、对干扰区内金属构筑物排流等方式,缓解深井阳极地床杂散电流干扰影响。研究结果可为强制电流阴极保护阳极地床选型和选址提供理论指导。     

伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化动态趋势分析

根据近10年的监测数据，对伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化进行动态趋势分析，无显著变化。     

油气钻井作业对地下水污染治理研究＊

分析了钻井作业对地下水污染的特点、污染途径,针对性地提出了钻井作业对地下水污染的预防措施,以及污染物处理技术,其中氧化还原技术、气体抽取技术、环境生物技术主要用于有机物污染治理,SRB技术、废弃钻井液固化技术、钻井液转换为水泥浆(MTC)的固井技术可用于处理废弃钻井液。钻井引起的污染治理应以"预防为主,防治结合",切实推行清洁生产和HSE管理。     

基于集集地震的建筑物易损性统计分析

文章收集了台湾921集集地震的强地震动和震害调查资料，利用统计分析的方法，分析了建筑物破坏的数量、震中距、地表加速度之间的关系，对集集地震做了基于地震动参数的易损性初步分析。