基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统及可视化方法

在各种工程塌陷问题中,矿山开采引起的地表塌陷是最为严重的一类,矿山塌陷是工程防灾减灾的重要内容。本文围绕“基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统”的构筑问题,对矿山开采塌陷的三维计算方法和塌陷数据的组织及可视化方式进行了探讨,给出了丘陵和低平山地条件下地表塌陷的三维可视化预计方法,实现了DEM和地表塌陷盆地的可视化表达,并对三维地形图与三维塌陷图的可视化叠置进行了探索。     

GEOLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONTROLS ON STREAMFLOWS IN THE NEBRASKA SAND HILLS1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents hydrological characteristics of the streamflow of the Dismal, Middle Loup, North Loup, and Cedar Rivers in the Nebraska Sand Hills and their relation to climate and ground water variation. Time series of streamflow, precipitation, temperature, and ground water levels from 1976 to 1998 were used to analyze trends and fluctuations of streamflow and to determine relationships among streamflow, climate, and the ground water system. An increase of precipitation and a decrease of maximum temperature over the period resulted in higher ground water levels and increased streamflow in the region. The high permeability of the soil and the thick unsaturated zone enhance precipitation recharge, limit surface runoff, and prevent ground water losses through evapotranspiration. Thus, an abundance of ground water is stored, supplying more than 86 percent of streamflow in the four rivers. Streamflow is generally more constant in the Sand Hills than elsewhere in the region. The four rivers present different hydrologic characteristics because of the spatial heterogeneity in hydrogeologic conditions. Streamflow of the Dismal and Middle Rivers, which are less sensitive to climatic variation, is much steadier than that of the North Loup and Cedar Rivers.     

AQUIFER SALINIZATION IN THE YUN‐LIN COASTAL AREA,TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes possible causes of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin. The local hydro‐geologic setting is determined from geological drilling data and sea floor topography. Three possible causes (sea water intrusion, salt water percolation through wells, and infiltration of salty water from fish ponds) are evaluated. Chloride concentration is used as an index to measure ground water salinization. Sea water intrusion is modeled by the advective/dispersive equation, and salt water infiltration from wells and fish ponds is calculated by estimating the amount of water percolated. The determined local hydrogeologic setting suggests that the shallow aquifer may be connected to the sea water, resulting in salt water intrusion as a large amount of shallow ground water is withdrawn. The percent contributions of sea water intrusion, percolation through wells, and infiltration of water from fish ponds, to the salinization of the shallow aquifer at Ko‐Hu in the Yun‐Lin coastal area are approximately 27 percent, less than 1 percent and 73 percent, respectively. The results suggest that the vertical infiltration of salt water from fish ponds is the major cause of shallow ground water salinization in the coastal area of Yun‐Lin.     

临汾市地裂缝灾害成因及防治对策研究

临汾市是山西省地裂缝分布最集中的地区之一,其成因受多种因子控制.本文从地震、断层、地下水开采、黄土湿陷等方面分析了临汾市地裂缝灾害的形成,并在此基础上对本市地裂缝灾害提出了一些预防对策.     

深基坑降水设计及降水对周边环境影响的分析

为了更好地解决深基坑降水问题,本文分析了基坑降水的主要作用,介绍了常见的基坑降水方法与适用范围,并以武汉市瑞安街永清片区某深基坑降水工程为例,在结合其工程地质及水文地质条件和明确降水设计要点的基础上,选取合理的降水方案进行了深基坑降水的优化设计,同时探讨了深基坑降水对周边环境的影响以及相应的治理措施。     

高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头地基处理中的应用

高真空击密法是指通过真空排水-击密多遍循环,从而对淤泥粉质黏土进行地基处理的一种方法。通过工程实例,介绍了高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头有限公司矿石、原辅料及成品泊位地基处理工程中的具体应用,并通过高真空击密法检测试验确定了地基处理施工参数,经处理后的地基增加了土体的密实度,表层形成了固结硬壳层,完成了大部分工前沉降,且地基承载力超过150kPa,能满足工程建设的要求。表明该地基处理方法在本工程中的应用是成功的,对类似工程具有重要的借鉴和推广意义。     

Pd-W-Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化氢还原脱硝的基本性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Pd-W-Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用XRD和SEM方法对该催化剂进行了表征.以氢气作为还原剂,在间歇式反应器中对催化还原地下水中硝酸盐进行了实验研究,考察了催化剂制备方法对催化还原硝酸盐性能的影响.结果表明,W的添加改善了Pd的分散性,提高了催化剂的活性和选择性.金属Pd/W/Cu质量比、浸渍顺序和焙烧温度对催化性能有较大影响.Pd/W/Cu质量比为3∶1∶1,Pd、Cu和W3种金属组分同时浸渍,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂的活性和选择性最高.在NO3--N初始浓度为100mg·mL-1条件下,催化反应60min后水中NO3--N和NO2--N浓度均为0mg·mL-1,NH4+-N浓度为2.5mg·mL-1.     

上覆岩层性质对采空区地表变形影响研究

采空区引发地表变形问题是环境岩土工程领域的重要研究课题。本文以有限元分析软件ANSYS为基础,通过数值模拟方法研究了采空区上方不同性质岩层以及不同上覆岩层组合形式对采空区地表沉降变形的影响。揭示了上覆岩层性质对采空区地表变形的影响规律。     

地面防空部队信息化训练电磁环境的构建研究

针对地面防空部队在复杂电磁环境条件下的作战训练需求,在分析了所需电磁环境构建要求后,结合地面防空部队作战训练时电磁环境的特点,罗列出构建内容,着重讨论了复杂电磁环境的构建方法并比较其优缺点,为地面防空部队有针对性地开展复杂电磁环境下的训练提供了依据。     

利用新型可渗透反应格栅技术对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水过程作用研究

以垃圾渗滤液污染地下水为研究对象,选择沸石、无烟煤、陶粒、活性炭、炉渣、粉煤灰、零价铁、石英砂作为填充材料,设计7种地下可渗透反应格栅（PRB）,分别为反应器1、2、3、4、5、6和7。通过连续实验模拟,对PRB技术治理污染地下水的可行性和有效性进行研究,监测反应器处理效果,分别7种反应器内流速、EC、Cl-的变化及对污染物去除效果及其影响进行分析,探索污染物去除机理。结果显示,反应器水渗流速度在80-150 cm.d-1情况下,对COD去除率为82.22%-88.88%,对Cl-去除率为-0.20%-1.68%,对色度去除率为36.38%-71.86%,表明利用新型PRB技术防控渗滤液污染地下水是可行的,但仍有些技术问题有待深入研究。