云南省峨山县高精度地温观测值与地震前兆异常

本文分析研究了峨山高精度地温观测值1998-2006年的正常、异常变化特征,玉溪及邻区破坏性地震前异常情况.结果表明:峨山高精度地温观测值的变化对观测点100 km范围内的M＞5.0级地震异常十分显著,多数地震在异常过程中或结束后发震,对于短期预测具有重要的科学意义.     

科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段植物种多样性与沙地草场地上生物量关系研究

论文从植被的种丰富度和功能多样性两个方面研究不同沙漠化阶段科尔沁沙地植物种多样性与沙地草场地上生物量的关系。相关分析表明,在科尔沁沙地不同沙漠化阶段,植物种多样性和沙地草场地上生物量的关系与多样性指数计算的基本单位有关。研究结果显示:①依据一年生、多年生和灌木等生活型为划分标准的功能多样性,在固定沙丘、半流动沙丘和流动沙丘阶段与沙地草场地上生物量的关系最密切,关联系数分别为-0.534、-0.574和-0.431。以豆科植物、C₃植物和C₄植物为划分标准的功能多样性,在半固定沙丘阶段与沙地草场地上生物量的关系最密切,关联系数为0.722。②在不同的沙漠化阶段,生活型多样性与地上生物量的关系呈负相关。说明在不同沙漠化程度的草场中,植物生活型组成的不均匀,有利于提高沙地草场地上生物量。③从不同生活型在各个沙漠化阶段中的种丰富度特征来看,一年生植物最高,多年生植物次之,灌木最低,平均值分别为9(±6.0)、3(±2.6)和1.8(±1.0),说明一年生植物在沙地植被组成中占主导地位。同时,研究结果表明,在不同沙漠化阶段中,以豆科植物、C₃植物和C₄植物划分的功能类型组的平均重要值以C₄植物最高,C₃植物次之,豆科最低,分别为48(±12.3)、39.7(±3.6)和12.3(±14.3),说明C₄类植物在科尔沁沙地植     

宁夏盐池牧业生产系统的研究

本文采用系统科学的理论方法,详细地分析了盐池县牧业生产系统的内外关系与存在问题及相应的战略对策;结合对现实农业生态系统的能流与物流的定性分析,指出合理运行牧业生产系统,是使盐池县草原恢复、生态维持及农村经济发展的重要途径。     

南昌市地下水特征及其应急水源地分析

该文从地下水类型、含水岩(层)组的空间分布和地下水的补给、迳流、排泄条件及动态变化规律等方面介绍了南昌地区地下水的基本特征。以城市规划为基础,根据区域水文地质条件,选择扬子洲—南新一带和广福—向塘一带作为地下水应急水源地。并阐述了各水源地水文地质条件、地下水资源量、水质及开发利用现状。     

Utility of check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in ground water and the resultant analysis of blood serum and urine of villagers,Anantapur District,Andhra Pradesh,India

High levels of fluoride (beyond 1.5 ppm) in ground water as source of drinking water are common in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, causing fluorosis. The study carried out in endemic Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, has indicated that the fluoride-rich ground water present in the wells located down stream and close to the surface water bodies is getting diluted by the low-fluoride surface water. Encouraged by this result, check dams were constructed upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride bearing ground water zones in Anantapur District to reduce fluoride levels as an alternate solution for safe drinking water.In this paper, an attempt is made to study the utility and effect of these check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in drinking water and its resultant impact on the health aspects of certain villagers of Anantapur District through the analysis of their blood serum and urine. Ground water samples from three fluoride-affected villages, blood and urine of males and females from the same villages were collected and analyzed for fluoride using ion selective electrode method. The results indicated that the fluoride levels in blood serum and urine of males in the age group of 5–11 years are found to be the highest. The concentration of fluoride in ground water is directly proportional to the concentration of fluoride in blood serum and urine. The concentration of fluoride in ground water with depth of the aquifer is a function of lithology, amount and duration of rainfall, rate of infiltration, level of ground water exploitation in the area etc. The construction of check dams upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride waters will not only cause additional recharge of ground water but also reduces the fluoride concentration eventually improving the health of the villagers.     

高含硅量高盐地下水处理工艺

本文通过对高含硅量，高盐地下水这一特殊水质进行纯化处理研究，经实际运行及分析，得出一套行之有效的工艺流程。     

武汉市郭茨口垃圾场环境污染调查及评价

本文在采样分析的基础上,对武汉市郭茨口垃圾堆放场进行环境评价,查明了垃圾场对环境的污染主要是渗沥水污染。     

城市地面停车场透水铺装使用分析——以南京市为例

南京市在城市化的进程中,各项城市建设使得原先的土壤表面日益被不透水铺装所覆盖,从而引发了一系列环境问题.其中,最受关注的是由于地表径流系数增大而导致的雨水径流量的增加.解决这一问题的关键是在城市建设中因地制宜的选用透水铺装,以控制城市不透水地表的蔓延.现代城市的重要交通设施之一--地面停车场,由于使用的特殊性,是一个可以采用透水铺装的典型区域.根据分析,对南京市地面停车场采用透水铺装能够有效减轻雨水径流量和污染物的排放量,在一定程度上起到优化城市环境的作用.因此,应将地面停车场作为南京市推广透水地表的一个开端,并逐渐带动城市其它区域透水铺装的使用.     

山东苍山5.2级地震前苏北地区的地形变异常变化

客观地反映了1995年9月20日山东苍山5.2级地震前,发育在苏北地区的各类地形变异常,并进行了相应的分析相探讨,在总结研究前兆的基础上指出综合预报的重要性和在中期趋势异常背景中捕捉短临前兆的必要性。     

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF NLEAP NO3-N LEACHING INDICES1

ABSTRACT: Nonpoint source ground water contamination by nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) leached from agricultural lands can be substantial and increase health risks to humans and animals. Accurate and rapid methods are needed to identify and map localities that have a high potential for contamination of shallow aquifers with NO₃-N leached from agriculture. Evaluation of Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) indices and input variables across an irrigated agricultural area on an alluvial aquifer in Colorado indicated that all leaching indices tested were more strongly correlated with aquifer NO₃-N concentration than with aquifer N mass. Of the indices and variables tested, the NO₃-N Leached (NL) index was the NLEAP index most strongly associated with groundwater NO₃-N concentration (r² values from 0.37 to 0.39). NO₃-N concentration of the leachate was less well correlated with ground water NO₃-N concentration (r² values from 0.21 to 0.22). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, although inorganic and organic/inorganic fertilizer scenarios had similar r² values, the Feedlot Indicator (proximity) variable was significant over and above the NO₃-N Leached index for the inorganic scenario. The analysis also showed that combination of either Movement Risk Index (MIRI) or NO₃-N concentration of the leachate with the NO₃-N Leached index leads to an improved regression, which provides insight into area-wide associations between agricultural activities and ground water NO₃-N concentration.