工业厂房中基础方案优化选择研究

首先建立起影响软土地基中工业厂房基础方案选择的指标体系,然后应用层次分析法计算定量指标的评判变换矩阵和灰色评估计算定性指标的评判变换矩阵。最后用模糊综合评判法计算各方案的综合评价值,从而达到从多种可行的方案中找出最优方案的目的。     

复合型高锰酸钾缓释体的制备及其缓释性能研究

采用熔化成型法,以环境友好型材料石蜡和硅砂为复合材料制备复合型高锰酸钾缓释体,研究其在水中和TCE溶液中的缓释性能及缓释过程.研究结果表明:当固定高锰酸钾含量为6 9,蜡砂比在1:4 ～1:6之间时,复合型高锰酸钾缓释体成型度适中,高锰酸钾的缓释量随着时间的延长逐渐增大,13 d高锰酸钾累积释放百分数分别为28.3％和58.8％,可以作为缓释材料,实现高锰酸钾的持续可控释放当固定蜡砂比,释放速率随着高锰酸钾百分含量的增大而增大.SEM分析结果表明,复合型高锰酸钾缓释体在水中和TCE溶液中的释放机理:首先表层外露的高锰酸钾晶体遇水快速溶解留下一些孔洞和缝隙,然后水分子通过这些孔洞进入缓释体内部溶解高锰酸钾,最后由浓度梯度差将高锰酸钾扩散到水相中,与溶液中TCE发生氧化降鳃反应.蜡砂比为1:4和1:6的缓释体4h对TCE的去除率分别为90％和100％;实际的高锰酸钾释放量分别约为理论所需高锰酸钾总量的1.7倍和2.6倍,说明该法制备得复合型高锰酸钾缓释体可通过控制蜡砂比来持续释放高锰酸钾,用于氯代烃的去除.     

地面装备红外辐射测量不确定度分析研究

目的 分析评价复杂背景环境下地面装备红外辐射成像特性的测量精度.方法 基于红外辐射成像测量与定标原理,全面分析复杂环境下地面目标动态红外辐射成像测量中由设备性能、环境干扰、操作参数设置及相对运动等所引入的8项误差因素.采用校准黑体与被测目标等距离同视场同步标定测量方法,基于试验方法评定各测量不确定度因子,构建地面装备红外辐射表观温度测量不确定度评定模型.结果 在置信概率为95％的条件下,典型地面车辆目标在静态和动态红外辐射表观温度测量不确定度分别为1.54℃和2.60℃.结论 形成的基于红外热像仪的复杂背景环境下地面车辆目标红外辐射成像精确度的表征与评价方法,对于地面装备红外辐射特性精确测量与红外隐身伪装性能准确评估研究具有重要参考意义.     

结构抗震设计中地震动参数选取的几个基本问题

以“小震”名义对设防烈度的折减与老规范用“结构系数”如何确定地震作用是抗震设计的重要环节。自1989版抗震设计规范引入分级超越概率后,同一设防烈度对应多值描述,给正确理解和应用带来困难。梳理了地震作用取值的发展沿革,展示了规范更新并未打破地震作用取值的连贯性,折减效果相当。作为案例应用,指出地震模拟实验中振动台对容纳其厂房的地震作用幅值上限是明确的,不存在超越概率问题。结合对实际震害的思考,指出抗震概念设计远比计算分析重要。     

Model Assessment of Air-Pollution in Prague

Results of relatively simple gaussian dispersion model are presented. This model, developed in the beginning of this decade, is suitable mainly for determination of spatial distributions of annual mean concentrations of such kinds of air-pollution as sulphur dioxide (SO₂), mixture of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) from all types of emission sources located within the city - point sources, line sources and area sources. Model has been used in years 1994, 1996 and 1998 to assess the air-pollution distributions of the above mentioned kinds in the Prague area and the development of the air quality state. It contributed to the decision making process when possible impact of some changes in traffic system or in system of domestic heating, for example, has been investigated. In this contribution, behaviour of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and mixture of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) ground concentration distributions are analyzed with respect to changing emission situation in Prague in recent years. Results show that SO₂ ground concentration level decreases mainly due to changes in local heating methods and type of fuel used. Different trend can be seen in NO_x ground concentrations thanks to rapid increase in the traffic density.     

工贸企业安全生产标准化考评结果深层分析方法研究

为弥补工贸企业安全生产标准化以单一总分值衡量企业安全状况存在的不足,构建以集对分析理论（SPA）为基础的联系度函数模型,分析企业考评结果的联系度、集对势、差异度。然后提出将考评结果划分为文件资料、设备设施、安全管理3个模块,细分为15个要素,以帮助企业直观认识其优势与不足。研究结果表明：实验企业通过联系度函数模型的分析结果进一步认识自身安全水平,进而通过对考评结果的深层次分析,直观地找出关键安全防范点,确定下一步安全工作的重点。     

Energy and temperature performance analysis of geothermal (ground source) heat pumps integrated with permeable pavement systems for urban run-off reuse

Geothermal (ground source) heat pumps (GHP) and permeable pavement systems (PPS) have demonstrated their effectiveness in both industry and academic research during recent decades. To meet the rising demand for sustainable, recyclable and energy efficient techniques, research has focused on the combination of techniques to enhance existing or develop new applications.

This paper reports on an experimental programme that combined GHP with PPS for nutrient removal and system energy balancing. Experimental data collected over a 3-year period have provided evidence of highly efficient removal rates of up to 99% for ammonia–nitrate and biochemical oxygen demand; and 96% removal rates were obtained for orthophosphate–phosphorus. This paper also contains energy efficiency ratio (EER) and coefficient of performance (COP) calculations. Cyclic heat removal and heat rejection allowed for stable temperature and pump COP and EER sustainability. The results prove that PPS systems are appropriate for GHP installation, delivering high and stable pollutant removal with EER efficiencies between 1.5 and 5.5.

The combination of GHP with PPS has the potential to provide a new sustainable and eco-friendly practice.     

METHODOLOGY OF DELINEATING WELLHEAD PROTECTION ZONES IN CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK IN MAINE1

ABSTRACT: Delineation of contributing areas for wellhead protection around supply wells drilled into bedrock in Maine, USA, is currently achieved by assigning a fixed radius circle around the well. This project develops a methodology that incorporates hydrogeologic processes and ground water modeling (MODFLOW) and accounts for variable data availability to estimate the areas that contribute water to 26 bedrock supply wells. Outcrop fracture mapping and lineament analysis are used to characterize the fracture system. Multiple simulations are constructed of each site using ranges of values for recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and anisotropy. Uncertainty in the delineation process is accounted for by portraying the delineated areas as confidence zones that are constructed by overlapping the capture zones from the multiple simulations. The results are variable and depend on the ability to characterize a site in a way that can be easily modeled. Sites with complex hydrogeology tend to have larger contributing areas that reflect the greater uncertainty in the parameters. The majority of the sites, however, produce reasonable results that provide a much more accurate depiction of the area likely to contribute to a bedrock well than the fixed radius circle.     

基于Bezier曲线的特殊螺纹密封面参数化设计

为提高油套管特殊螺纹密封性能,优化特殊螺纹密封结构,基于Bezier曲线理论方法,提出1套特殊螺纹球面对锥面密封结构参数化设计方法,并设计了1种基于Bezier曲线理论的特殊螺纹密封结构。通过数值模拟方法,对比分析新型特殊螺纹密封结构与传统球面/锥面密封结构形式密封面上接触应力分布。结果表明:基于Bezier曲线设计的特殊螺纹密封结构可提高密封面接触压力,改善螺纹接头密封区塑性区域分布,有利于提高特殊螺纹接头的抗疲劳性能,有效预防特殊螺纹接头应力腐蚀断裂,为深井、超深井油管柱螺纹接头的密封设计提供参考。     

基于空天地三维数据的尾矿库安全监管技术研究

为提高尾矿库安全状态,解决当前尾矿库监管难度大、代价高、盲区多的现实问题,以四川省盐边县小水井尾矿库为研究对象,采用高分遥感、无人机和三维激光组成的空天地三维数据,建立多层级、多精度三维数据的协同流转模式,通过周边关系分析、关键指标检查、防排洪验算、稳定性分析和溃坝模拟等手段,提供了尾矿库风险管控与定量化评价的参数,研究结果表明:该技术可有效提升尾矿库安全监管的技术能力,有助于促进运营方和监管者建立尾矿库监测-预警-避灾-救援工作体系。