Influence of Body Weight and Size on the Mode of Wintering in Hibernators of the Family Sciuridae in Northeastern Russia

Energy expenditures in the Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus jacutensis Ognev, 1935) and long-tailed ground squirrel Citellus undulates jacutensis Brandt, 1843 during hibernation were compared. Energy expenditures were assessed by analyzing changes in body weight and gas exchange rate. The animals were weighed either monthly throughout the winter (26 ground squirrels and 9 chipmunks) or continuously (four to six times a day) in five ground squirrels (395 h) and three chipmunks (696 h). At a constant ambient temperature, the body weight of animals in both species decreased almost linearly during the day. The decrease in the body weight of hibernating grounds squirrels and chipmunks over a single short hibernation cycle was also approximated by a linear function, irrespective of species, age, and sex.     

太原市采暖季PM2.5组分特征及重污染事件分析

针对2017~2018年采暖季太原市PM_2.5及其水溶性离子、碳质组分和无机元素开展在线观测,结合气象数据分析不同污染水平下的组分特征.分析表明,2017~2018年太原市采暖季细颗粒物主要化学成分为SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、Cl^-、Ca²⁺、OC、EC,且呈现OC>SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > NH₄⁺ > Cl^- > Ca²⁺ > EC的趋势,随污染水平增长最多的是二次无机物;优良、轻度污染和重污染3种污染水平下OC、EC相关系数分别为0.69、0.66、0.55,N/S分别为1.06、1.29、0.93,表明随着污染水平的提高,OC和EC的来源一致性逐步变差,且排放源虽仍处于氮排放源（移动源和工业源）和硫排放源（燃煤源）的共同控制,但硫排放源贡献率显著升高.重污染事件分析表明太原市重污染应对过程中不仅需要加强机动车、工业源等污染源的管控,更需要重点加强燃煤管控.     

渤海鳀鱼产卵场关键影响因素识别及变迁预测

为识别影响渤海鳀鱼产卵场分布的关键因素并预测产卵场的未来变迁,采用地理加权回归（GWR）方法,建立了渤海鳀鱼产卵场分布的GWR回归模型,分析了鳀鱼鱼卵分布与环境因子的关系,进而结合海表温度、盐度变化趋势,预测了未来渤海鳀鱼产卵场空间分布的变迁.结果表明,表层海水的温度、硅酸盐浓度、盐度和海水深度是对鳀鱼产卵场分布贡献较大的因素,其回归系数平均值依次为1.296、-1.133、-0.374和0.521,在未来海表温度、盐度变化情景下,一方面,渤海鳀鱼产卵场总面积将呈现缩小的趋势,最大可收缩为现有面积的47%,特别是渤海湾东北部鳀鱼产卵场明显收缩;另一方面,鳀鱼产卵场的密集区会发生迁移,如在辽东湾将出现新的产卵场密集区.GWR方法可以识别变量的空间非平稳性,应用其预测鳀鱼产卵场的未来变迁,可为渤海生态综合管理提供科学依据.     

高效液相色谱荧光检测快速分析水中多环芳烃化合物

本文利用等梯度淋洗，荧光检测器实现了水中七种多环芳烃化合物的快速分析，七种多环芳烃的分离效果好，无基线漂移，样品分析时间短，一个样品的分析时间小于２０分钟。七种多环芳烃分别为：荧蒽、苯并（ａ）蒽、苯并（ｂ）荧蒽、苯并（Ｋ）荧蒽、苯并（ａ）芘、二苯并（ａ，ｈ）蒽、苯并（ｇｈｉ）     

乌鲁木齐市冬季大气污染特征及区域集中供热的环境效益浅析

乌鲁木齐市区冬季大气污染严重，属煤烟型污染，究其原因主要有三点：市区处在三面环山的谷地之中，冬季不利于污染物扩散的气象条件；采期煤耗的增加，在大气污染物总排放量明显高于其它季节，而改善市区大气环境质量的有效途径之一就是实现区域集中供热。本文针对乌鲁木齐市幸福路区域集中供热站拟扩建的３台２９ＭＷ热水锅炉，说明区域集中供热对减少污染物排放量，改善大气环境质量有明显的作用。     

气相色谱法测定地下水中氯化苄

建立了气相色谱法测定地下水中氯化苄的方法。选用ＧＤＸ５０２大孔树脂或Ｃ１８小预处理柱吸附浓缩地下水中氯化苄，用苯洗脱，洗脱液注入色谱仪进行分析。方法回收率为８６４９８１％，变异系数＜８％。     

DISSOLVED HEAVY METALS IN SHALLOW GROUND WATER IN A SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN URBAN WATERSHED1

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of dissolved heavy metal concentrations in shallow ground water were measured at 126 sites within an urban watershed in southeastern Michigan. A total of 1,140 samples were collected from the first saturated zone, and the mean concentrations of 11 heavy metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc) were obtained and compared to their corresponding mean concentrations within surface soil. The results suggest that former and current land use processes have resulted in significant adverse impacts on the study region. Levels of Cr 20 to 30 times the maximum contaminant level (MCL) have been detected in the ground water beneath industrial sites. In addition, Cd and Pb have been found at levels exceeding their MCLs where surface soils are clay‐rich, and in sandy soils at more than 10 times their MCLs. The high levels of Cr in ground water strongly suggest that the chromium is in a hexavalent form, and this likelihood is supported by current studies. Given the hydraulic connection between the watershed's surface waters and the Great Lakes, these findings raise significant ecological and public health concerns.     

A LANDSCAPE‐BASED APPROACH TO ESTIMATE RIPARIAN HYDROLOGICAL AND NITRATE REMOVAL FUNCTIONS1

ABSTRACT: This study evaluates a conceptual model developed for riparian zones in Ontario, Canada, that links landscape hydrogeological characteristics to riparian ground water hydrology and nitrate removal efficiency. Data from a range of riparian sites in the United States and Europe suggest that the riparian zone types identified in the model are consistent with patterns of riparian hydrology and nitrate flux and removal in many humid temperate landscapes. These data also support the view that a riparian width of less than 20 m is often sufficient for effective nitrate removal unless riparian sediments are coarse grained or nitrate transport occurs mainly in surface‐fed ground water seeps. This study assesses the possibility of using topographic, soil, surficial geology, and vegetation maps to determine landscape attributes linked by the model to riparian zone hydrological functioning and nitrate removal efficiency. Although mappable data can help in determining broad classes of riparian zones, field visits are necessary to determine non‐mappable riparian attributes such as seeps, organic horizons, and permeable sediment depth in the riparian zone. This research suggests that the conceptual model could be used for landscape management purposes in most temperate landscapes with minor modifications and that the hydrological component of the model could be adapted for contaminants other than nitrate.     

论西安次级地裂缝

根据地震勘探结果，提出了西安地裂带由一条主地裂缝和一条规模较大的次级地裂缝组成。次缝位于主缝上盘，具有北倾北降的正断裂性质，并与主缝断裂呈“丫”字型构造，在深度300～500m处的第四系内与主缝汇合。在地表，次缝与主缝之间的距离多在50～120m，其间的地面呈陷落微地貌。地震勘探剖面上的次缝与主缝之间地层比较紊乱，似乎还有更小规模的裂缝构造，构成主缝到次缝间的断裂破碎带。对次缝的成因从区域构造应力场和自重应力场两方面给予了解释，并得到了以前的模拟试验结果和次缝出露地表情况的验证。据地面调查资料，凡次缝活动发育地段，其北侧主缝的活动相对较弱，甚至地表出露不明显。     

竖向断裂缝对场地地震动的影响分析

断裂缝在工程场地十分常见,研究其对场地地震动的影响很有必要.基于应用局部人工边界条件模拟辐射阻尼影响的二维显式有限元方法,分别对垂直入射和斜入射地震波情形下具有不同深度的竖向断裂缝场地地震动进行了数值模拟,并与地表水平的均匀半空间场地地震动进行了对比,结果表明,断裂缝对其附近场地地震动的影响显著,但随着离开裂缝的距离变大,其影响迅速减小.