Journalistic Norms,Cultural Values,and Coverage of Climate Change in the Philippines

Developing nations have tended to have been overlooked in studies of climate reporting. This study is based upon a content analysis of three daily newspapers in the Philippines to examine climate change coverage compared to reporting by Western wire services. In addition, the study draws on individualist–collectivist theory to theorize about differences in reporting between the Philippine and Western wire sources. Despite the historic influence of the American news system on Philippine journalism, the study finds that Western journalistic norms do not describe Philippine climate reporting well and that Filipino-penned articles are more likely to include the value of collectivism rather than individualism. This suggests that national cultural differences may be reflected in climate reporting.     

中国集装箱航运网络空间格局及复杂性研究

随着中国航运集装化的快速发展,集装箱航运网络组织空间格局的探讨逐步成为新的关注点。以港口城市为节点构建网络,借助网络整体结构及节点中心性评价指标,对中国航运集装箱网络的拓扑结构和空间结构进行分析,发现其整体结构呈现出"小世界网络"的特点。对比分析沿海港口网络和长江水系网络发现,长江港口体系受航道所限,网络集聚性较弱,中心性较低,但中转功能较强;沿海港口中,广州直接联系的港口城市较多,而上海相对可达性较强,并成为沟通南北及东西向航运的重要节点;青岛、天津等吞吐量较大的港口在全国航运网络中的中心性较低,反映其主要服务于各自腹地;而武汉、南京等港口在网络中的中转功能逐步加强。网络中重要的港口城市节点和多港口区域逐步形成,航运网络日趋复杂化。     

基于灰色理论的黑龙江省暴雨洪涝特征分析及灾变预测

基于灰色理论和气象灾害普查资料对黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害时空分布特征进行了分析并进行了灾变预测。黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害主要发生在5-9月,其中7月损失最大;1990年以来暴雨次数虽然有所减少,但暴雨洪涝造成的损失却明显增加;黑龙江省暴雨洪涝灾害可划分为严重洪涝区、重洪涝区、中洪涝区和轻洪涝区,严重洪涝区位于松花江及其支流沿岸的大庆市、伊春市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市和哈尔滨市。根据灰色灾变预测理论预测2013年出现严重暴雨洪涝灾害(全省农作物受灾面积≥500 000 hm2、可比经济损失≥50 000万元)的可能性最大,其次是2016年。     

一株脱硫菌的分离及脱硫动力学

从污水处理厂二沉池分离获得一株硫酸盐还原菌厌氧菌株,依据生理生化分析和16S rDNA基因序列测定该菌株被鉴定为脱硫脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)。在气体吸收的双膜理论和液相中微生物转化的米门方程基础上,建立了搅拌式生物吸收反应器中脱硫脱硫弧菌净化二氧化硫气体的动力学模型,并求解出相应的动力学参数基质转化最大速度Vmax和米氏常数Km,实验结果所得到的线性方程相关性较好,线性相关系数可以达到0.998,而且脱硫脱硫弧菌吸收液具有较高转化二氧化硫的能力。     

基于可拓理论的光伏发电项目质量评价研究

为了进一步推广和发展光伏发电项目,将新兴学科的可拓理论引入光伏发电项目质量评价之中,在物元理论和可拓分析的基础上,构建了光伏发电项目可拓评价指标体系和模型,通过计算各项指标相对于各评价等级的关联度,对待评价项目进行了优劣排序。以3个陕西省2012年光伏发电项目为例,论证了该模型合理可靠,实证结果很好的反映了光伏发电项目的质量,为项目决策提供科学的依据。     

Transport and Adhesion of Escherichia coli JM109 in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT): One-Dimensional Column Study

Bacteria transport and adhesion experiments under water-saturated and partially saturated conditions were examined over a wide range of ionic strength, from 1 to 100 mM KCl, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂, and at water contents of 0.15 and 0.22 in sand columns packed with three different sands, baked, sterilized, and raw sands in order to investigate the effects of ionic strength, water content, and porous media type on the microbial adhesion in soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Well-characterized Escherichia coli JM109 were used as model bacterial cells in this study. Column study results showed that bacterial deposition rates increased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing water content, and were higher in raw sand columns than those in other sand columns. The Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory was applied to experimental results in order to consider the interaction energies between the bacterial cells and collector grains; results revealed that a considerable amount of bacterial cells was weakly deposited onto the solid surfaces in secondary minimum.     

人因失误与人不安全行为相关原理的分析与探讨

从人因失误的机理、分类和特点等方面,对人因失误与人不安全行为间的相关原理进行系统的对比分析与探讨,笔者认为,应从安全教育、技术培训、人机系统设计等方面预防人因失误,从建立和维持操作者对安全工作的兴趣、作业标准化、安全管理等方面来控制人的不安全行为。以煤矿斜井提升事故为例,说明人因失误与人不安全行为的判定原则和方法,从而为预防、控制人因事故提供理论依据。     

阵性泥石流运动与堆积的欧拉-拉格朗日模型——Ⅰ.理论

自然界中的混石流具有突发性和非恒定性的特点。为了模拟典型泥石流现象,在流团模型的基础上,进一步完善了基于欧拉－拉格朗日（Ｅ－Ｌ）观点的ＰＩＣ（Ｐａｒｃｅｌ Ｉｎ Ｃｅｌｌ）算法,细化了流元结构,建立了能够模拟典型阵性泥石流发生、运动和堆积的准结构两相流模型,求解该模型不仅可以模拟泥石流运动过程,而且可以对泥石流的堆积过程、停积形态、冲刷特征及泥石流中多组分颗粒的分选特征进行定量描述。     

How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas? Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field

The use of experimental settings to observe human behaviour in a controlled environment of incentives, rules and institutions, has been widely used by the behavioural sciences for sometime now, particularly by psychology and economics. In most cases the subjects are college students recruited for one to two hour decision making exercises in which, depending on their choices, they earn cash averaging US$ 20. In such exercises players face a set of feasible actions, rules and incentives (payoffs) involving different forms of social exchange with other people, and that in most cases involve some kind of externalities with incomplete contracts, such as in the case of common-pool resources situations. Depending on the ecological and institutional settings, the resource users face a set of feasible levels of extraction, a set of rules regarding the control or monitoring of individual use, and sometimes ways of imposing material or non-material costs or rewards to those breaking or following the rules. We brought the experimental lab to the field and invited about two hundred users of natural resources in three Colombian rural villages to participate in such decision making exercises and through these and other research instruments we learned about the ways they solve - or fail to - tragedies of the commons with different social institutions. Further, bringing the lab to the field allowed us to explore some of the limitations of existing models about human behaviour and its consequences for designing policies for conserving ecosystems and improving social welfare.     

Wind selectivity of migratory flight departures in birds

Optimal migration theory predicts that birds minimizing the overall time of migration should adjust stopover duration with respect to the rate of fuel accumulation. Recent theoretical developments also take into account the wind situation and predict that there is a time window (a set of days) during which birds should depart when assisted by winds but will not do so if there are head winds. There is also a final day when birds will depart irrespective of wind conditions. Hence, the wind model of optimal migration theory predicts that birds should be sensitive to winds and that there should be a correlation between departures and winds blowing towards the intended migration direction. We tested this assumption by tracking the departures of radio-tagged passerines during autumn migration in southern Sweden. Our birds were moderately to very fat when released and therefore energetically ready for departure. There was a significant correlation between direction of departure and wind direction. We also found that during days when birds departed there was a significantly larger tail wind component than during days when birds were present but did not depart. Our results show that passerines do take the current wind situation into account when departing on migratory flights. We also briefly discuss possible clues that birds use when estimating wind direction and strength. The inclusion of wind is an important amendment to optimal migration theory of birds and should be explored further. Received: 1 March 1999 / Received in revised form: 4 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999