广东省企业安全生产主体责任现状分析

在构建企业安全生产主体责任绩效评估体系基础上,结合层次分析和模糊综合处理方法,对广东省企业安全生产主体责任落实情况进行全面调查分析。结果显示,组织机构与人员配置是安全生产主体责任落实中最重要的环节;一般地,外资企业好于中资企业,大型企业好于中小型企业,生产复杂度与主体责任绩效成反比;职业危害、安全生产监督、奖惩制度实施等是企业在落实安全生产主体责任之中较为薄弱的环节。最后提出相应建议：（1）在全省推行安全生产标准化的基础上,建立健全企业安全生产主体责任体系;（2）建立广东省职业危害与控制中心,健全职业安全健康管理体系;（3）进一步健全经济社会转型期的企业安全生产监督管理体系。     

同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定养殖水体中23种镇静剂

建立了同位素稀释-液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）同时测定养殖水体中23种镇静剂残留的方法。样品经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用50%的甲醇水定容。以1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相,采用Agilent InfiniityLab Poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱分离后,在多反应监测模式下测定,内标法定量。结果表明,23种镇静剂在0.5～100ng/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99）,检出限和定量限分别为0.1~0.3和0.4 ~1.0 ng/L。加标回收率为73.5%~117.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%~9.9%。该方法前处理简单,净化效果较好,灵敏度较高,适用于池塘养殖水体中23种镇静剂类药物残留的快速检测。     

常州市区空气PM2．5污染分布和气象因素影响初探

PM2.5作为一种重要的空气污染物指标,其形态与组成非常复杂,影响人类身体健康。本文根据常州市环境空气自动监测站系统的常年污染物和气象监测资料,研究了常州市PM2.5污染状况及与其他城市的比较,指出PM2.5的冬春季污染较重、夏秋季污染较轻的季节变化特征,日变化的双峰结构特征,以及城市风场和降水对常州市PM2.5浓度的影响规律。研究揭示PM2.5污染与气象因素之间的相关关系,为本地PM2.5监测、预警和污染防治提供参考。     

空心菜浮床+仿生植物系统对污染物去除效果

通过空心菜浮床,空心菜+仿生植物复合系统以及仿生植物3组不同的水处理系统对城市重污染河道水体主要污染物的去除效果研究,试图阐明浮床+仿生植物复合系统在水质净化中的强化作用。结果表明,空心菜浮床+仿生植物复合系统对污染水体中的TN,NH4+-N,TP,高锰酸盐指数均具有较好的去除效果,相对于单独的空心菜浮床系统,复合系统对TN,NH4+-N,TP以及高锰酸盐指数的去除率提高了28.50%、20.03%、33.43%、18.02%;相对于单独的仿生植物系统,复合系统对TN,NH4+-N,TP以及高锰酸盐指数的去除率提高了14.98%、20.29%、53.38%、26.96%,且其对污染物的去除率远高于对照(p<0.05),表明空心菜生态浮床+仿生植物复合系统可实现对污染水体的强化净化,同时可有效抵抗空心菜植物腐烂对系统带来的冲击,确保复合系统的长期稳定运行。     

城市景观水体的污染控制和修复技术

分析了城市景观水体的特点及其水质污染状况,表明景观水体处理的必要性和迫切性。综述近年来景观水体的污染控制和修复技术及其机理。提出城市景观水体污染控制的关键应将污水处理的常规生物处理技术与生态处理技术有效结合,以合乎城市生态建设的要求。     

Effects of Manual Handling,Posture, and Whole Body Vibrations on Low-Back Pain

To determine the effect of occupational stress on low-back pain (LBP), a cross-sectional study has been carried out, by interviews, on workers exposed to 3 stresses: manual handling (MH, 82 women and 264 men), whole body vibrations (WBV, 274 men), and static postures (278 women). Anthropometric data, occupational stress, LBP severity and frequency, and a psychological evaluation of these groups were compared to those of a control population of 208 workers (104 men and 104 women).

The results show that 30% of the population had never suffered from LBP. Age and the body mass index of the workers were the parameters most closely associated with LBP. Women involved in MH had higher frequency and severity of LBP than their reference population. Men involved in MH or exposed to WBV had higher frequency of painful episodes than their reference population. Workers exposed to one of the stresses were on sick leave for LBP more often, and for longer periods, than workers in the reference group. The results show that individual factors are often decisive in the onset of LBP. Nevertheless, in the more serious LBP cases, occupational stress is an aggravating factor for LBP and its consequences.     

青海省沿黄12县自然灾害活动特征及承灾体脆弱性评价

根据1949～2000年青海省沿黄12县的地质、地震和区域气候资料,对青海省黄河干流水电梯级开发已建龙羊峡和李家峡水库蓄水前后自然灾害的活动特征进行了分析.在此基础上,依据层次性、代表性、易得性、客观性和可统计性等原则,建立了适于评价县域承灾体脆弱性的指标体系,并采用加权分级评分法对其进行了量化评估,以揭示区域未来成灾趋势.评价结果表明,湟中、湟源、民和、化隆、循化、尖扎、共和是洪涝、干旱、病虫害、地质和地震灾害的高发区,承灾体也非常脆弱.     

尾矿库基础坝高压定喷防渗

分析了尾矿坝的常见事故 ,首次将定喷注浆技术应用于处理尾矿坝渗漏 ,同时介绍了室内试验及现场试验的成果 ,将该成果用于该工程的防渗 ,扩大了喷射注浆的应用范围     

Radionuclides in the Ecosystem of Lake Tygish in the Zone of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace

The radioecological situation in Lake Tygish is described. The lake is situated on the central axis of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT), which was formed after the nuclear accident in the Southern Urals in 1957. The distributions of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs among the main components of the water body and the results of the measurement of tritium concentration in the water are presented. Mathematical models are described that have made it possible to estimate changes in the concentrations of radionuclides and their amounts accumulated in the water and bottom sediments of the lake during the long period after the accident and to predict the development of the radioecological situation in the lake until 2057. Based on the mathematical models, more accurate data on the initial ecological situation in the lake in the year of the accident have been obtained.     

中国流域综合规划环境影响评价指标体系初探

从国内外流域综合规划环境影响评价程序、流域综合规划环境影响评价主体以及生态评价指标等方面进行综述,分析了中国流域综合规划环境影响评价在介入时间、累积影响方面存在的问题,提出应以水资源、水环境、生态环境、社会环境、经济环境等为评价主体,生态环境影响评价指标要充分结合国家生态保护红线划定和生态文明建设要求,并提出了流域综合规划环境影响评价的未来发展趋势.