基于功能化纳米材料的环境中重金属快速检测研究进展

重金属污染对生态环境和人类健康均具有极大危害,建立灵敏、快捷、高效的重金属检测技术具有非常重要的现实意义.现有检测技术对大型仪器设备具有较强的依赖性,并且在检测条件、时间以及成本上的要求较高,难以满足当前重金属快速监测和预警工作的需要.纳米材料的飞速发展为解决环境重金属污染物检测所面临的问题提供了良好的理论基础和技术支持.功能化纳米材料与传统检测方法的结合,衍生出具有高灵敏、高通量的快速检测方法.本文主要综述了近年来常用的几种功能识别分子和功能化纳米材料在环境中重金属快速检测应用的研究进展,指出了重金属快速检测技术在实际应用中可能面临的问题,并对未来的发展前景进行了展望.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类毒性及检测方法研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类（Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs）是重要的工业添加剂之一,可作为塑料工业的增塑剂、软化剂以及化工业的增香剂、成膜剂等,其制品应用广泛.但因其为一类环境激素类持久性有机污染物,对生物个体发育、新陈代谢等产生不利影响,并可沿食物链传递,危害到生态系统乃至人类.本文通过总结邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的不同暴露途径、毒性危害及检测方法等方面的国内外研究进展,指出了现有研究的不足和未来研究趋势,以期为进一步研究邻苯二甲酸酯类对生态环境的影响提供参考.     

化学物危害特征描述中不确定系数制定的研究进展及其应用

不确定系数的制定是化学物危害特征描述中的一个关键步骤,对于健康指导值的推导和分析风险评估结果的不确定性具有重要意义。在实际应用中,不确定系数主要包括默认的不确定系数、额外的不确定系数和其他来源的不确定系数。默认的不确定系数主要涉及物种间外推以及物种内/人群间外推。本文详细介绍了默认不确定系数的构成、优化方法、不确定性分析的新策略和新方法以及决策流程及其应用,以期为评估者更好地理解和开展化学物危害特征描述中的不确定性分析提供科学依据。     

高效液相串联质谱法检定活性污泥中N-高丝氨酸内酯

N-高丝氨酸内酯（AHLs）是革兰氏阴性菌群体感应系统中最重要的一类信号分子.本研究建立了高效液相串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）检测活性污泥中7种AHLs的方法.采用乙腈-水为流动相,选择电喷雾源正离子模式,经过梯度洗脱分离,在多反应监测模式下进行测定,分析时间为10 min.本方法在1—1000 μg·L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,仪器检出限为1.0—2.0 μg·L-1,仪器定量限为2.0—5.0 μg·L-1,平均加标回收率在80.0%—113.4%之间.采用该方法对某污水处理厂和实验室序批式活性污泥装置（SBR）中活性污泥进行检测,均可检测到不同种类的AHLs,并具有良好的峰型及分离效果,说明方法可满足实际测定要求.     

Non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS) demonstrated for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds

This work demonstrates the success of a recently developed technique in chemical amplification, non-biological inhibition-based sensing (NIBS), for the detection of toxic arsenic compounds. Screening for toxic arsenic compounds is especially important due to their prevalence in wastewater and water sources. The detection method presented in this work amplifies the chemical response of toxic arsenic compounds by developing a sensor chemistry where the analyte inhibits, rather than enhances, the rate of a catalytic reaction. This technique mimics the work done with enzyme inhibition; however, using non-biological molecules allows for selective detection without the shelf-life issue associated with biological molecules. Using NIBS we find that we can enhance the sensitivity of the system by two orders of magnitude with no apparent loss in selectivity. This work demonstrates the versatility of NIBS, showing that the technique can be of general use for the detection of toxic compounds.     

High-sensitivity direct analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts and cereal matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection involving a large volume flow cell

This paper reports a sensitive and cost effective method of analysis for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The sample preparation method was primarily optimised in peanuts, followed by its validation in a range of peanut-processed products and cereal (rice, corn, millets) matrices. Peanut slurry [12.5 g peanut + 12.5 mL water] was extracted with methanol: water (8:2, 100 mL), cleaned through an immunoaffinity column and thereafter measured directly by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UPLC-FLD) detection, within a chromatographic runtime of 5 minutes. The use of a large volume flow cell in the FLD nullified the requirement of any post-column derivatisation and provided the lowest ever reported limits of quantification of 0.025 for B1 and G1 and 0.01 μg/kg for B2 and G2. The single laboratory validation of the method provided acceptable selectivity, linearity, recovery and precision for reliable quantifications in all the test matrices as well as demonstrated compliance with the EC 401/2006 guidelines for analytical quality control of aflatoxins in foodstuffs.     

Fe2O3纳米棒的制备及其H2S气敏性能研究

为快速检测H2S泄漏,以一步水热法制备的Fe2O3纳米棒为基础,制备了H2S气体传感器。研究表明,该传感器在300℃工作温度下对10μmol/mol的H2S的灵敏度为2左右,响应时间为12s左右,恢复时间约4s。而且该传感器具有优异的稳定性和选择性,对CH4、CO等多种气体响应较差,适合用于长时间快速检测H2S气体的泄漏。     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Chlorovinylannes (Lewisites) were produced and handled during WW I and WW II as chemical warfare agents. Residues of these cwa and their metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of chlorovinylarsines (Lewisites) and their metabolites is shown. Lewisite II and Lewisite III, but not Lewisite I and the metabolites of Lewisite I and Lewisite II can be detected and determined using GC/ECD. After derivatization with thiols, the sum of Lewisite I or Lewisite II and their metabolites are detected. With the proper selection of the thiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

汞化合物的生物检测技术

为了对环境中的汞污染进行现场检测 ,需要开发简便、快速、灵敏的分析方法。生物检测技术是其中的一个重要研究方向。在分析中 ,对现有的汞化合物主要生物检测技术的原理、特点、研究现状及应用前景进行了评价