Risk perception and trust in the context of urban brownfields

Data are reported from a postal questionnaire completed by 747 residents of two urban local authority areas within which there were sites of brownfield land with significant levels of contamination. Respondents rated their perceptions of the extent to which their neighbourhood and own home were relatively vulnerable to contamination, their concern about possible effects of contamination, their satisfaction with their council in terms of consultation with residents on housing and development issues, and their trust in their council with respect to contaminated land risks. Satisfaction with, and trust in, the council was generally low in both areas, and especially so among those who perceived themselves to be more vulnerable to contamination. Nonetheless, dissatisfaction was less marked in the area where the local authority, according to background information, had pursued a more open and proactive style of risk communication and consultation with residents. The main predictors of trust, across both areas, were perceptions that the council was openly prepared to tell residents what they knew, and that the council had residents’ interests at heart. Implications are discussed for the impact of different modes of risk communication on trust.     

Charity hazard—A real hazard to natural disaster insurance?

After the flooding in 2002 European governments provided billions of Euros of financial assistance to their citizens. Although there is no doubt that solidarity and some sort of assistance are reasonable, the question arises why these damages were not sufficiently insured. One explanation why individuals reject to obtain insurance cover against natural hazards is that they anticipate governmental and private aid. This problem became to be known as “charity hazard”. The present paper gives an economic analysis of the institutional arrangements on the market for natural disaster insurances focusing on imperfections caused by governmental financial relief. It provides a theoretical explanation why charity hazard is a problem on the market for natural disaster insurances, in the way that it acts as an obstacle for the proper diffusion and therefore the establishment of natural hazard insurances. This paper provides a review of the scientific discussion on charity hazard, provides a theoretical analysis and points out the existing empirical problems regarding this issue.     

苯法马来酸酐生产危险分析及安全控制技术

马来酸酐作为一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品,其安全生产具有一定的典型性.对马来酸酐生产过程中的介质危险、过程危险及装置危险进行了分析,提出了马来酸酐装置安全控制技术措施.     

改进的灰色关联分析在滑坡危险性评价中的应用——以广东省滑坡危险性评价为例

利用改进的灰色关联分析方法,采用“中心化”无量纲的处理方法,对广东滑坡灾害危险性的影响因素进行灰色关联度分析。通过地形地貌条件、地层岩性特征、地质构造特征、岩土体结构特性、水文地质条件、植被覆盖率、降雨分布、地震、人类经济工程活动等9个评价因素与滑坡危险性的关联度计算,得出各影响因素与滑坡危险性评价的关系,具有一定的客观性、科学性和合理性。     

泥石流体的流变和冲淤特征及其与危险度的关系

从泥石流体流变特性的分析入手,深入地探讨了蒋家沟泥石流阵性流的淤积和冲刷特征。其冲淤变化特征与泥石流体的浓度特性和规模大小的发展过程有很大的关系。根据这些分析,可以将泥石流的危害划分为侵蚀和堆积两大类,并可能进一步完善泥石流危险度的评估。     

一氯二乙基铝装置危险源辨识及预防措施

一氯二乙基铝装置为甲类火灾危险装置。通过对一氯二乙基铝装置工艺流程及各单元工艺特点的详细分析,危险源的辨识从物料危险性、工艺过程危险性、工艺操作危险性等角度展开,从而确定出该装置的重大风险因素。在对一氯二乙基铝装置危险源辨识和分析的基础上,对各工艺单元提出相应的控制措施,预防事故发生。     

浅析国内外重大危险源辨识中危险物质临界量的差异

通过分析国内外重大危险源辨识标准中危险物质临界量的差异,以汽油和液化石油气为例,分别选择池火灾和沸腾液体扩展蒸气云爆炸模型计算事故后果,并结合我国企业的安全管理状况,说明了修改我国《重大危险源辨识》中危险物质临界量的必要性。     

重大危险源动态监管与应急救援平台建设研究

由于缺乏相关的国家及行业标准规范,各地重大危险源监管与应急救援平台建设中主要存在如下问题:其一,只重视硬件建设,而忽视软件和信息建设;其二,重大危险源安全监管数据采集标准不统一,采用的相关软件和硬件技术不规范,难以在各级平台间实现数据共享。笔者参照重大危险源4级监管与应急救援体系,将国家科技攻关课题的相关研究成果同安全生产工作的实际需要有机地结合,提出重大危险源动态监管和事故应急救援平台建设方案。分析我国重大危险源监管及应急救援系统的建设现状及存在的主要问题;提出平台的设计原则、实现数据共享的主要思路;设计软件系统总体规划及各部分的功能。     

工艺过程危险有害因素辨识的研究

鉴于化工企业工艺过程的特殊性,笔者建议其危险、有害因素的辨识可以在直观经验分析法和系统安全分析法的基础上,结合危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)的思想来进行辨识。笔者尝试性地给出了相关术语的说明、介绍辨识方法和操作程序,并分别从生产过程(包括化学反应、化工操作单元和物料输送)和工艺设备、装置角度,对其中的所包含的具体内容进行剖析,最后以电解过程举例说明,该方法可用于化工企业进行危险性因素辨识。     

煤矿危险源辨识与多层评价分级研究

根据煤炭系统生产的复杂特点,提出了采用系统科学的方法,对煤炭生产进行系统的单元划分,采用安全系统科学辨识的方法对危险源进行辨识.在此基础上,提出利用层次分析法和模糊动态评判的方法对危险源进行初次分级,根据危险源的耦合特性,提出二次动态分级的方法,对初次分级进行调整,确定危险源科学、合理的级别,并提出了进一步现实性评价的建议.