Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.     

污染减排影响经济发展的投入产出模型及实证分析

构建了环境经济投入产出模型,针对淘汰落后产能对经济发展的影响进行了实证研究,定量计算了2006～2007年问淘汰落后产能对于经济社会发展的贡献度和影响.研究表明,虽然淘汰落后产能对于传统的国民经济发展指标有一定负面影响,但对于优化经济增长方式确实起到了积极作用.一是优化了产业结构,第一、二、三产业结构由2005年的12.4%,48.6%,39.0%调整为2006年的12.5%,48.2%和39.3%,2007年调整为12.6%,47.8%和39.6%,第二产业所占比重逐步下降,第三产业所占比重逐步上升;在第二产业内部.造纸、食品、电力、炼焦、金属冶炼、非金属矿物制品业等重污染行业的增加值所占比重持续下降,产业结构逐步得到优化.二是提高了经济效率,从涉及到的造纸、食品、电力、炼焦、金属冶炼、非金属矿物制品业6个产业部门2006年和2007年的COD和SO_2的产污系数看,都比2005年有所降低.2006年和2007年,食品制造业的单位增加值COD排放量比2005年分别下降了6.6%和25.0%;金属冶炼及压延加工业的单位增加值SO_2排放量比2005年分别下降3.5%和6.9%.     

生物法净化挥发性有机废气的吸附-生物膜理论模型与模拟研究

针对挥发性有机废气的生物法净化过程,进行了吸附-生物膜新型理论的相关动力学模型研究.经采用实验室数据和工业应用试验结果的对比验证表明,该模型对描述实际过程有很好的适用性.应用该模型对人口气体甲苯浓度、气体流量及生物膜填料层高度等主要因素的影响进行模拟研究,模拟计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性,相关系数r为0.80～0.97.     

Variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration by planting Hevea brasiliensis in Hainan Island, China

The development of rubber industry depends on the sustainable management of rubber plantation. To evaluate the environmental effects of planting Hevea brasiliensis on a subsystem of tropical forest ecosystem, the variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration under rubber plantation within 30-year life period were investigated in Hainan Island. Results showed that （1） with the increase of stand age of rubber plantation, soil fertility decreased all along. From 1954 to 1995, soil organic matter, total N, available K and available P decreased by 48.2%, 54.1%, 56.7% and 64.1%, respectively. （2） If the complete return of litters was considered without additional fertilizer application to the soil of the rubber plantations, the consumption periods for P, N, K, Mg were only 825 years, 329 years, 94 years and 65 years, respectively~ To improve soil fertility is essential for rubber plantation development. （3） The C sequestration of rubber trees per hectare accounts for 272.08 t within 30-year life period and 57.91% of them was fixed in litters. In comparison with C sequestration by rain forest （234.305 t/hm^2） and by secondary rain forest （150.203 t/hm^2）, rubber forest has more potentials for C fixation. On the base of above results, the following measures would benefit the maintenance of soil fertility and the development of rubber industry, including applying fertilizer to maintain the balance of soil nutrients, intercropping leguminous plant to improve soil fertility, reducing the collection of litters, optimizing soil properties to improve element P availability such as applying CaCO3. The information gathered from the study can be used as baseline data for the sustainable management of rubber plantation elsewhere.     

邯郸市妇女空气污染暴露对妊娠期高血压的影响

选择河北省邯郸市某医院孕妇数据,探讨了6项空气污染物暴露对孕妇患妊娠期高血压(GH)的影响和不同人群的效应差异,采用传统Logistic回归模型评估了各项污染物的效应,采用主成分改进的Logistic回归模型评估了各项污染物在额外调整其它污染物后的效应.结果显示,单污染物模型中,妊娠期前26周每20μg/m3增量的O3...     

生物炭添加对半干旱地区土壤温室气体排放的影响

为确定生物炭添加对半干旱地区农田土壤温室气体释放的影响,采用小区定位试验,利用锯末(J)和槐树皮(H)及3种添加比例(1%、3%、5%,质量百分比),研究了生物炭添加6个月内表层土壤CO2、CH4和N2O等3种温室气体排放的动态变化.结果表明,与对照相比,各处理土壤CO2排放通量随生物炭的添加呈现增加的趋势,锯末和槐树皮等两种生物炭处理的土壤CO2平均排放通量分别增加了1.89%和3.34%,但差异不显著.CH4排放随着生物炭添加量的增加而降低,各生物炭处理的土壤表层CH4排放量平均降幅分别为:J1:1.17%、J3:2.55%、J5:4.32%、H1:2.35%、H3:5.83%、H5:7.32%.其中,锯末生物炭仅在5%添加量时较对照差异显著(P0.05),而槐树皮生物炭处理在3%和5%的添加量与对照差异均达显著水平(P0.05).生物炭对N2O的排放影响没有明显规律性.研究表明,生物炭在短期内对半干旱地区农田土壤CO2和N2O的排放没有显著影响,而对CH4排放则影响显著(P0.05).就生物炭类型而言,槐树皮生物炭在抑制CH4排放方面优于锯末生物炭,差异显著(P=0.048).     

基于卷积神经网络的冲击地压预警方法研究*

为探究深度学习在冲击地压预警方面的应用前景,以新疆某冲击地压矿井为研究背景,将深度学习和专家评判运用到微震数据分析中,基于卷积神经网络构建冲击地压预警模型。充分利用一维卷积神经网络对时序数据有较强特征提取能力的优势,以微震数据及其特征参数作为输入,以专家评判值作为标签,借助Python-Keras框架实现冲击地压预警模型的构建和训练。研究结果表明:模型预警效果并不随着训练迭代次数的增加而逐渐最优,存在最优迭代次数,对于所建模型当迭代次数为30时测试集的冲击危险预测结果与专家评判结果基本吻合,同时说明模型可以较好地学习专家评判经验实现冲击地压预警。研究表明所建模型对研究时段内发生的5次大能量矿震事件均进行预警,其准确度较高,具有现场实际应用价值。     

聚氯乙烯电缆料老化前后的火灾危险性研究

利用微型燃烧量热计（MCC）、热重分析（TGA）、实时红外光谱（RTFTIR）以及热重-红外联用技术（TG-FT-IR）研究了PVC电缆料老化前后火灾危险性的变化。MCC结果表明,老化后的PVC的最大热释放速率增加了56.3%,总热释放量从10.6kJ/g增加到16.8kJ/g,点燃温度也由302℃提前到282℃。TG-FTIR和RTFTIR的分析结果显示,PVC的主要降解产物有水、碳氢化合物、二氧化碳和一氧化碳。PVC达到最大降解速率的温度约为240℃,与MCC、TG的结果相符合。PVC的裂解气体中包含CO2和CO,还有剧毒气体HCl。这些实验数据说明PVC材料在使用过程中火灾危险性加大,为老城区电气线路和设备的改造提供了理论依据和实验基础。     

电磁辐射职业危害及防护对策

科技飞速发展的今天,射频及微波技术已经广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域,这使得越来越多的从业人员在工作场所受到电磁辐射污染的影响。本文总结归纳了我国电磁辐射职业危害状况,分析了现代企业电磁辐射防护的新特点,并提出企业电磁辐射防护对策。     

南京市郊设施蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了南京市郊2个设施蔬菜栽培基地蔬菜中的重金属含量,并与国内蔬菜标准进行比较;运用目标危害系数(the target hazard quotient,THQ)方法评价了当地居民摄食蔬菜导致的健康风险,并比较了成人和儿童居民THQ值大小.结果表明,蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的平均含量分别是0.1...