利用HS-SPME-GC技术分析环境水样中超痕量的六氯苯,DDT及其代谢产物

利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱检测技术,通过对三种不同的SPME萃取头(PDMS,PMPVS,PA)实验条件的优化,并参照液液萃取的方法,对水相中六氯苯,DDT及其代谢产物的萃取效果进行了比较．结果表明,SPME方法比液液萃取方法在检测限和回收率上有很大的提高,其中PDMS对检测六氯苯,DDT及其代谢产物的效果较其它两种萃取头好．     

多孔喷头射流特性的实验研究

在没有密度分层的容泄水体条件下,对某污水排海工程多孔喷头的射流特性进行了实验研究。文中介绍了不同排污流量和环境流速条件下,多孔喷头附近的流速场和污水场特性;并对出流平均稀释度作了分析。最后,还对该喷头周围的冲淤形态进行了探讨.文中所得的结果对实际排污系统的设计和进一步研究有一定的参考价值。      

Fast Calculating Surrogate Models for Leg and Head Impact in Vehicle–Pedestrian Collision Simulations

Objective: In previous research, a tool chain to simulate vehicle–pedestrian accidents from ordinary driving state to in-crash has been developed. This tool chain allows for injury criteria-based, vehicle-specific (geometry, stiffness, active safety systems, etc.) assessments. Due to the complex nature of the included finite element analysis (FEA) models, calculation times are very high. This is a major drawback for using FEA models in large-scale effectiveness assessment studies. Therefore, fast calculating surrogate models to approximate the relevant injury criteria as a function of pedestrian vehicle collision constellations have to be developed.

Method: The development of surrogate models for head and leg injury criteria to overcome the problem of long calculation times while preserving high detail level of results for effectiveness analysis is shown in this article. These surrogate models are then used in the tool chain as time-efficient replacements for the FEA model to approximate the injury criteria values. The method consists of the following steps: Selection of suitable training data sets out of a large number of given collision constellations, detailed FEA calculations with the training data sets as input, and training of the surrogate models with the FEA model's input and output values.

Results: A separate surrogate model was created for each injury criterion, consisting of a response surface that maps the input parameters (i.e., leg impactor position and velocity) to the output value. In addition, a performance test comparing surrogate model predictions of additional collision constellations to the results of respective FEA calculations was carried out. The developed method allows for prediction of injury criteria based on impact constellation for a given vehicle. Because the surrogate models are specific to a certain vehicle, training has to be redone for a new vehicle. Still, there is a large benefit regarding calculation time when doing large-scale studies.

Conclusion: The method can be used in prospective effectiveness assessment studies of new vehicle safety features and takes into account specific local features of a vehicle (geometry, stiffness, etc.) as well as external parameters (location and velocity of pedestrian impact). Furthermore, it can be easily extended to other injury criteria or accident scenarios; for example, cyclist accidents.     

变频调速技术在离心泵并联工艺中的应用

分析了不同扬程离心泵的并联使用问题,提出了使用变频调速来解决扬程匹配的方法,进行理论计算分析,并用实际工程应用进行验证,结果基本一致。     

Design methodology for active disassembly based on the decapitated head method

Due to the characteristic that shape memory materials can quickly return to their original shape and have large deformation, such materials can be used as the connection in active disassembly devices. However, existing active disassembly devices typically require two moulding steps and complicated machining processes that result in high manufacturing cost. The active disassembly device based on the proposed decapitated head method has only one moulding step and lower manufacturing cost. Its disassembly mode is local damage disassembly, which can decrease the active disassembly cost and improve disassembly efficiency. This paper describes the active disassembly theory and the design methodology based on the decapitated head method, and then analyses the design criteria and feasibility of this method with a real case study.     

环境对阿尔茨海默病病因影响

阿尔茨海默病是一种发生于老年人群的原发生退行性脑病。目前，关于ＡＤ病研究中的中心问题是弄清楚其发病的病理，如果可以抑制的一步和几步，将减缓或防止其发病，因此搞清ＡＤ病的发病机理对预防和治疗ＡＤ病相当重要。     

半球形厚壁封头拉深成形壁厚变化规律研究

针对厚壁半球形封头的拉深成形,将板坯分成4个区域,根据每个区域的应力分布特点,对每个区域的壁厚变化规律做了理论上的推导与计算,并将理论计算值同有限元模拟结果比较,得到了很好的效果.     

氧化沟的水力计算

阐述了氧化沟进水流量、循环流量和断面平均流速的关系 ,分析了沟内平均流速所起的作用及调节方法 ;分析了提升水头与水头损失的关系 ,给出了它们的计算方法 ;对弯道导流板的作用进行了剖析 ,提出了导流板偏置可以减少导流板的数量 ,降低弯道摩阻 ,并可以避免弯道隔墙背流处的固体沉淀。     

炼制高硫原油后部分换热器下线安全再用技术

目前炼油企业在加工高含硫原油的必然趋势下,为实现装置安全、平稳、长周期运行,有计划地提高设备级别、更换旧设备成为当务之急;合理利用旧设备,降低安全隐患,充分挖掘现有资源,是企业降耗增效的有效措施.针对2001年下线的18台浮头式换热器再用技术,进行了两种结构改制对比,提出了一种切实可行的改造方案.     

旋转布水器布水均匀性探讨

本文通过建立布水横管水流微分方程，导出计算横管内压力线无量纲公式，分析常用经验公式的不足，提出计算布水孔间距的新方法，并进行了试算，结果表明，布水孔间距与经验公式计算的孔距存在一定差异，用本文中的方法可以达到布水均匀的目的。