安阳市大型工业区和周围社区土壤中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解安阳市大型工业区和周围社区表层土壤中重金属元素的分布特征和健康风险,用ICP-OES测定了样品中9种重金属元素的含量.结果 表明:Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、As、Cd、Cr、Co和Ni在社区表层土壤中的平均浓度为71.0、25.6、43.2、548、118.4、0.71、59.5、18.8、24.5 mg/kg;在...     

北京市河流水生态健康时空异质性及改善路径研究

河流生态系统是人类社会得以生存与发展的基本条件,河流水生态健康对保障区域水安全,避免水灾害具有重要意义.随着城市化的不断推进,河流生态系统面临着巨大挑战,水生态风险及灾害呈现广发、频发和深发态势.通过汇总北京市五大流域河流水生态健康状况评估相关研究,识别区域水生态系统主要问题,诊断水生态健康问题产生的原因.结果表明,北...     

两种典型PPCPs在潜流人工湿地中的季节性去除效果及降解产物

药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)在地表水中的污染问题已引起了广泛关注,人工湿地(constructed wetlands,CWs)在PPCPs去除中具有突出优势,然而关于不同类型PPCPs 在CWs 去除中的相互作用研究得还较少.本研究选取两种常用且相对分子质量接近的典型PPCPs——广谱抗菌剂三氯生(TCS)和非甾体抗...     

长江大保护下健康长江指数研究——以泰州市为例

自党的十八大以来,生态文明地位提到历史新高度,习近平总书记对长江经济带发展提出"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"时代新基调.在此背景下,长江的开发与保护行动模式成为经济社会高质量发展的重要样板.根据此背景要求明确长江健康的内涵,并对其健康状况、存在问题进行评估分析十分必要,也是流域规划管理的重要支撑和行动方向.本文基于长江大保...     

太湖流域河网4种典型抗生素的时空分布和风险评价

分析了太湖流域人口密度大且养殖业发达的宜溧-洮滆水系水相和沉积相中典型抗生素磺胺甲恶唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMX)、氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin,OFL)、罗红霉素(Roxithromycin,ROM)和土霉素(Oxytetracycline,OTC)的时空分布特征,并应用商值法进行了健康风险(Health Quotients,HQs)和生态风险(Risk Quotients,RQs)评价.结果表明,宜溧-洮滆水系中OTC、ROM、OFL、SMX在水相的检出率分别为96.5%、57.0%、60.5%和4.5%,沉积相中的检出率分别为96.5%、95.5%、90.0%和44.5%;水相检出浓度最高的抗生素为OTC,最高浓度为17.85 ng·L~(-1);沉积相检出浓度最高的抗生素为SMX,浓度为46.74 ng·g~(-1);相比于其他3种抗生素,流域水相和沉积相中OTC的检出率和检出浓度均较高.宜溧-洮滆水系主要包括南河和长江客水区,丰水期南河水系抗生素的检出水平高于长江客水区.沉积相中抗生素浓度沿水流方向逐渐降低,入湖河口所有点位由于沉积物堆积作用均呈现抗生素富集现象.渔业养殖中抗生素的大量施用是导致该水系抗生素时空分布差异的主要原因.健康风险评价结果表明,4种抗生素均属于可接受风险(HQs0.01).生态风险评价结果表明,4种抗生素均呈现低风险(RQs0.1),其中,生态风险最高的抗生素是OTC,其值为0.086.为有效管控太湖流域抗生素生态风险,应加强对南河水系水产养殖业监管;入湖河口的抗生素富集现象也应引起重视.     

A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (K_ow) and different ionization constants (pK_a) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK_ow (?7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.     

嘉陵江下游饮用水氟化物时空变异特征研究

饮用水中可溶性氟化物是公众摄入氟的主要途径,其含量水平影响人体健康.分别于2015～2017年的丰水期和枯水期6次随机采集监测了嘉陵江下游52个饮用水样中氟化物含量,并基于地理信息系统平台和健康风险指数法进行了评价.结果表明,该区域饮用水中氟化物浓度平均为0.20～0.25 mg/L.除2015年部分样点外,其余样点的...     

Efficacy of text messaging apprentices to reinforce ergonomics and safety voice training

Introduction: Injuries and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among masons. SAfety Voice for Ergonomics (SAVE) integrates training in ergonomic and safety problem-solving skills into masonry apprenticeship training. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of text messaging to reinforce SAVE program content. Method: SAVE effectiveness was evaluated at masonry apprenticeship training centers across the United States by comparing three experimental groups: (1) Ergonomics training, (2) Ergonomics and Safety Voice training, and a (3) Control. Apprentices received SAVE training with their standard instruction. To reinforce classroom training, refresher training was implemented by sending weekly text messages for six months. Half of the text messages required a response, which tested knowledge or assessed behavior, while the remaining reiterated knowledge. Apprentices (n = 119) received SAVE text messages. Response rates and percentage of correct responses were compared with chi-square tests and independent group t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis predicted apprentice response with selected demographic and work experience variables. Finally, feedback on of the use of text messaging was obtained. Result: Of 119 participants, 61% (n = 72) responded to at least one text message. Logistic regression revealed that being a high school graduate and a brick and block mason significantly affected the odds of responding. Sixty-nine percent of apprentices agreed that text messages reinforced SAVE content. Conclusion: Even though there was no training center requirement to respond, the high response rate suggests that text messaging can effectively be used to reinforce ergonomics and safety voice training for both knowledge and behavior. Practical Application: The prevalent use of text messaging creates opportunities to reinforce health and safety training and engage workers, especially for populations that may be at various locations over time such as construction sites. Instructors and practitioners should consider the utility of text messaging for supporting their training and safety programs.     

Injury surveillance trends in career–technical education: New Jersey 1999–2018

Introduction: Adolescents engaging in school-sponsored work experiences may be at risk of injury due to factors such as inexperience. This article examines trends in 20 years of reported injuries among New Jersey (NJ) adolescents engaging in school-sponsored work experiences, and compares a transition from paper to online reporting format. Methods: New Jersey requires reporting of injuries occurring during school-sponsored work experiences to the NJ Department of Education. Injuries reported by NJ schools from 1999 to 2018 (n = 2,119) were examined; incidence rates for 2008 to 2018 (n = 743) were calculated using publicly available NJ Department of Education enrollment data for the denominator, including for specific groups of students: career and technical education; special healthcare needs. Results: A downward trend in reported injuries in NJ schools was observed. However, the year online reporting became required by code (2013), an increase of nearly 50% was seen from 2012 (59–89), followed by a decline in reported incidents 2014 to 2018 (mean = 65, range 76 down to 47). Injury rate trends over time paralleled those of reported incidents. Conclusions: This study suggested worker safety and public health benefits of improvements from State of NJ code required training programs and online injury surveillance report form. Practical Applications: One potential method to address the safety and health of adolescents engaging in work experiences is the use of online reporting forms, to aid in surveillance efforts, coupled with occupational safety and health training specifically geared toward teachers and administrators who both supervise young, relatively inexperienced and vulnerable workers and who make relatively frequent worksite visits. Incorporation of specific details of the instructions on the use of a reporting form into required trainings, in addition to providing a clear, accessible guidance manual online, could further help improve youth worker safety surveillance efforts.     

Does the potential safety risk affect whether particular construction hazards are recognized or not?

Introduction: Evidence from the global construction industry suggests that an unacceptable number of safety hazards remain unrecognized in construction workplaces. Unfortunately, there isn’t a sufficient understanding of why particular safety hazards remain unrecognized. Such an understanding is important to address the issue of poor hazard recognition and develop remedial interventions. A recent exploratory effort provided anecdotal evidence that workers often fail to recognize safety hazards that are expected to impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. In other words, the research demonstrated that the underlying risk imposed by a safety hazard can affect whether a hazard will be recognized or not. Method: The presented research focused on empirically testing this preliminary finding. More specifically, the study tested the proposition that Construction workers are more likely to recognize safety hazards that impose higher levels of safety risk than those that impose relatively lower levels of safety risk. The research goals were accomplished through a number of steps. First, a set of 16 construction case images depicting a variety of construction operations that included a number of known safety hazards was presented to a panel of four construction safety experts. The experts were tasked with examining each of the known safety hazards and providing a rating of the relative safety risk that the individual hazards impose. Having obtained an estimate of the underlying safety risk, a hazard recognition activity was administered to 287 workers recruited from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. The hazard recognition activity involved the examination of a random sample of two construction case images that were previously examined by the expert panel and reporting relevant safety hazards. Results: The results of the study provided support for the proposition that workers are more likely to recognize hazards that impose relatively higher levels of safety risk. Practical Applications: The findings of the study can be leveraged to improve existing hazard recognition methods and develop more robust interventions to address the issue of poor hazard recognition levels.