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851.
兽药在保障动物健康、提高畜禽产品质量尤其在畜牧业集约化发展等方面起着至关重要的作用,然而兽药和饲料添加剂的大量使用成为生态环境污染和人体健康损害的一个重要因素。研究表明许多抗生素类和激素类兽药是典型的环境内分泌干扰物,通过多种方式干扰生物体雄激素、雌激素、甲状腺激素等内分泌过程,产生内分泌干扰效应。本文介绍了典型兽药的污染现状及其内分泌干扰效应研究最新进展;以环境内分泌干扰物的最新研究方法为基础,较全面地评述了可用于兽药类内分泌干扰物的快速筛选、检测及评价方法,并对该领域未来研究提出了展望和建议,以期为环境和农业等管理部门制定兽药的使用、排放、管理政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
852.
Lead contamination is a significant health hazard in communities around the world, but this environmental toxin often remains unknown to residents living near hazardous sites. This research investigates a unique case where residents were informed of lead contamination but rejected official and scientific narratives regarding environmental risks. The case study involves a decommissioned smelter in Colorado. Drawing from data collected over three years, the researchers examine how officials and experts communicated the severity of environmental health hazards. Despite these efforts, residents opposed the Environmental Protection Agency’s attempts to place the site on the National Priorities List for federal cleanup. The government’s framing of science and environmental risk failed to resonate with homeowners, despite the known and significant scientific evidence confirming environmental health hazards, and residents’ perceptions of lead contamination were mitigated by material concerns, including property values and community stigma. Implications for future research on lead contamination, environmental risk, and trust in science are discussed. 相似文献
853.
Kathleen L. Wolf Elizabeth Housley 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(10):1853-1870
Decades of research studies demonstrate links between healthy environment, healthy lifestyles, and healthy people. This study evaluated the correlations between young adult conservation workers' perceived stress, personal effectiveness, and nature experience using quantitative and qualitative social science methods. The study cohort numbered nearly 300 individuals serving on small crews for an entire year, and were dispersed across Washington State (USA) to participate in conservation projects in rural to urban landscapes. Pre- and post-test surveys, using validated measures of perceived stress, health dimensions, and personal resiliency, were further informed by mid-year, field-based interviews. Overall, the young adults expressed fatigue with the physical work but were quite healthy when compared to national benchmarks. They indicated a reduction in perceived stress, and indicated social function influences based on the conservation work. Conclusions address the importance and implications of expanding this work opportunity to a more diverse cohort and future research needs. 相似文献
854.
钢桥因具有跨径大、承载能力强、施工工期短等特点,被世界各国广泛采用,但在使用过程中,由于重载甚至超载车辆的反复作用、自然灾害的侵袭及交通事故等人为因素的作用,经常造成桥梁损伤和局部破坏,导致桥梁承载能力和耐久性的降低,甚至影响到运营的安全。本文建立了钢拱桥的健康检测和安全评价方法,采用防腐涂层厚度测定、结合强度测定、无损探伤和动静载荷试验等手段对紫下大桥健康状况进行了检测,采用不确定层次分析法对大桥进行了安全评价,提出了处理意见和措施,为既有钢拱桥的健康检测、评价和维护积累了有益的资料。 相似文献
855.
Siri Thoresen Arnfinn Tønnessen Camilla Vibe Lindgaard Anne Lie Andreassen Lars Weisæth 《Disasters》2009,33(3):353-368
Adequate responses to disasters and emergency situations rely, among other factors, on coping abilities in disaster workers and emergency personnel. In this study, different aspects of disaster-related stressors and training/experience were investigated in Norwegian personnel (n = 581) mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster. The level of stress reactions, measured nine to ten months after the tsunami, was relatively low in this sample, indicating that the personnel coped well with the challenges of the disaster. The level of intrusive memories was higher in disaster-area personnel (n = 335) than in home-base personnel (n = 246). Stress reactions were significantly associated with witnessing experiences (disaster-area group) and with having to reject victims in need of help (both groups). Specific preparation for the mission was associated with a lower level of stress reactions in disaster-area personnel. Such factors may be considered in training and preparation programmes for disaster workers. 相似文献
856.
A.R. Melwani S.N. Bezalel J.A. Hunt J.L. Grenier G. Ichikawa W. Heim A. Bonnema C. Foe D.G. Slotton J.A. Davis 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3137-3149
A three-year study was conducted to examine mercury in sport fish from the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. More than 4000 fish from 31 species were collected and analyzed for total mercury in individual muscle filets. Largemouth bass and striped bass were the most contaminated, averaging 0.40 μg/g, while redear sunfish, bluegill and rainbow trout exhibited the lowest (<0.15 μg/g) concentrations. Spatial variation in mercury was evaluated with an analysis of covariance model, which accounted for variability due to fish size and regional hydrology. Significant regional differences in mercury were apparent in size-standardized largemouth bass, with concentrations on the Cosumnes and Mokelumne rivers significantly higher than the central and western Delta. Significant prey–predator mercury correlations were also apparent, which may explain a significant proportion of the spatial variation in the watershed. 相似文献
857.
Eric Mellink Mónica E. Riojas-López 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2184-2188
We determined egg concentrations of organochlorines and thickness of eggshells from brown boobies at eight colonies ranging from the northern Gulf of California to southern Mexico. The only common residue was that of DDE, which was found in almost all eggs. DDE content apparently reflected pre-1990 DDT use in nearby agricultural areas and, at one site, intensive mosquito control for high-end tourism development. There were no inter-colony differences in eggshell thickness, and variation in this variable likely reflected individual bird characteristics and/or individual feeding source. This variable was not a good proxy to DDE exposure of brown boobies, under current DDE levels in the brown booby trophic chain. In the northern Gulf of California, eggshell thickness has recovered to pre-DDT conditions. Our data indicate that the Gulf of California and southwestern coast of Mexico have a healthy near-shore marine environment, as far as organochlorines are concerned. 相似文献
858.
在分析生态经济系统健康特征和指标筛选原则的基础上,构建了一套适合于县域尺度生态经济系统健康诊断指标体系。并运用层次分析法,采用了精度较高的均方差法确定指标权重,运用递阶多层次综合法和线性加权函数法建立了时间尺度上的农林复合生态系统综合评价模型,以县为单元,研究了红壤丘陵区县域多年农林复合生态经济系统健康情况。研究结果表明:研究区1980~2005年生态经济综合健康稳定水平呈逐年上升趋势,经济健康性方面是逐年平稳上升,社会健康性是波动性上升,而资源环境健康性则是先升后降,然后是相对稳定。引入障碍度概念,进行健康障碍诊断。分析结果表明1991年以前障碍因子主要是经济指标,1997年后障碍因子主要是资源环境指标。 相似文献
859.
Agustin Robles-Morua Alex S. Mayer Mary H. Durfee 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):197-213
There is a growing recognition in developing countries that community participation in water and sanitation projects is a
necessary strategy in sustainable development. The main advantage of following such an approach is that, if participation
can encourage a sense of ownership of the projects, the benefits of the project are more likely to extend over the long term.
The case study at hand focuses on the challenges faced in implementing a wastewater treatment system to solve an environmental
and public health problem in a rural community, Rosario de Tesopaco, in northwest Mexico. Until recently, the community has
been unable to implement an effective plan to treat the wastewater generated in the community. The problems faced by the community
can be attributed to the political arrangement of water and sanitation decentralization in Mexico that occurred in the mid
1980’s, whereby communities were required to meet wastewater treatment standards, but were not given the technical and political
guidance needed to achieve this goal. However, in this instance, cooperation between the authorities in Rosario de Tesopaco,
the federal agency for social development, and an academic institution has led to the successful design and approval of a
wastewater treatment project. This achievement can be attributed to the use of an effective collaborative strategy, tailoring
the project to the needs and capacity of the local community, positioning the community as the leaders and owners of the project.
A model for following this strategy for developing rural sanitation projects in Mexico is proposed.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
860.
Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Karin Scheurer Christine Alewell Dominik Bänninger Patricia Burkhardt-Holm 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(2):232-242