T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪在环境监测中的应用研究

便携式水质快速检测仪具有测量速度快、体积小、重量轻、便于携带等特点,特别适用于水质现场快速测定.在T3WS快速检测仪30余个项目中选择六价铬、甲醛、砷、氨氮、硫化物等五项常用指标,进行试管一致性、校准曲线斜率、截距、相关系数、检出限、测定范围、精密度、准确度以及与实验室分析方法比对等试验.结果表明,T3WS快速检测仪测试标准样品测试结果均在允许误差范围内,标准样品及地袁水、废水样品测试结果的相对偏差均小于10％,与实验室分析结果之间最大相对误差分别为-6.1％、15.9％、15％、-7.2％、-21.0％,T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪用于水质现场快速测定结果的精密度与准确度是可以接受的.     

基于亨利定律的水中臭氧浓度检测方法研究

为提高水中臭氧(O3)浓度检测方法的普适性、准确性和便捷性,提出了一种新的非接触式的水中O3浓度检测方法.基于亨利定律(Henry's Law),采用电化学方法,建立空气中O3浓度与水中O3浓度的回归方程,从而推导出水中O3浓度.实验结果显示,水体O3传感器的检出限为0.02 mg/L,检测上限为0.40 mg/L,可...     

环境中有机紫外吸收剂前处理及仪器分析方法研究进展

有机紫外吸收剂(OUVs)是广泛应用于个人护理品及工业产品的一种光稳定剂,也是一种新型"准"持久性有机污染物。由于环境样品基质复杂,且OUVs种类多、含量低,快速高效的样品前处理及准确灵敏的检测方法是提高OUVs监测精准度的基础。综述了自2005年以来环境样品中OUVs的常规前处理方法及分析方法。首先,在介绍水体、沉积物、生物样品前处理方法应用的基础上,分析了富集填料、洗脱剂、净化方法等实验条件对回收率的影响,目前在水体、沉积物、生物样品中,OUVs的回收率分别为14%~133.7%、30%~183%、46%~128%。其次,总结了质谱技术在OUVs分析中的应用,表明OUVs检测方法已经由传统的气相色谱-单四极杆联用逐渐过渡到液相色谱-串联质谱联用,并且着重阐述了离子源对OUVs信号强度影响的重要性。最后,结合OUVs监测现状,展望了环境样品中OUVs监测分析方法的发展趋势。     

Quantifying the probability of detection of wild ungulates with the Judas technique

The Judas technique is often used in control or eradication of particular vertebrate pests. The technique exploits the tendency of individuals to form social groups. A radio collar is affixed to an individual and its subsequent monitoring facilitates the detection of other conspecifics. Efficacy of this technique would be improved if managers could estimate the probability that a Judas individual would detect conspecifics. To calculate this probability, we estimated association rates of Judas individuals with other Judas individuals, given the length of time the Judas has been deployed. We developed a simple model of space-use for individual Judas animals and constrained detection probabilities to those specific areas. We then combined estimates for individual Judas animals to infer the probability that a wild individual could be detected in an area of interest via Judas surveillance. We illustrated the method by using data from a feral goat eradication program on Isla Santiago, Galápagos, and a feral pig eradication program on Santa Cruz Island, California. Association probabilities declined as the proximity between individual areas of use of a Judas pair decreased. Unconditional probabilities of detection within individual areas of use averaged 0.09 per month for feral pigs and 0.11 per month for feral goats. Probabilities that eradication had been achieved, given no detections of wild conspecifics, and an uninformative prior probability of eradication were 0.79 (90% CI 0.22–0.99) for feral goats and 0.87 (90% CI 0.44–1.0) for feral pigs. We envisage several additions to the analyses used that could improve estimates of Judas detection probability. Analyses such as these can help managers increase the efficacy of eradication efforts, leading to more effective effects to restore native biodiversity.