典型环境微界面及其对污染物环境行为的影响

环境微界面是影响污染物转移转化的最基本要素之一,污染物的非均相微界面作用过程也是认识和解决环境问题的重要基础.因此,对环境微界面及其作用机制的深入研究与探索,对环境科学与技术的发展具有重要意义.本文以已有相关研究为基础,初步总结和归纳了典型环境微界面所涉及的主要内容、基本过程及其对污染物环境行为的影响.从典型微界面的交互作用、污染物在微界面间的转移、污染物在微界面的反应等方面,阐述了污染物的微界面环境行为,介绍了基于环境微界面过程的污染控制与净化原理及技术特征.同时,对环境界面问题的研究重点和方向作了简要展望.     

树脂负载草酸铁光助类芬顿降解水中孔雀石绿

为了强化多相类芬顿反应的速率,在可见光下采用以草酸盐为配体的三价铁草酸络合物(Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R)为催化剂催化过氧化氢降解水中孔雀石绿.结果表明,与Fe~(3+)/R相比催化剂Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R具有更强的催化活性,能强化羟基自由基(·OH)的产生. 过氧化氢的初始浓度越高,反应速率越快,反应遵循一级反应动力学,反应速率常数与过氧化氢浓度具有很好的相关性.在pH值3～9的范围内,催化剂Fe~(3+)C_2O_4/R都能有效地对MG进行降解,最佳pH值为6.随着催化剂投量的增加,MG的去除效率明显提高.随着MG初始浓度的增加,MG的去除也由吸附为主转化为以氧化为主,但总体影响不大.催化剂重复使用后仍然具有较好的催化活性,说明铁在树脂表面负载比较牢固,催化剂具有反复使用的能力.反应中的氧化活性物种是羟基自由基和高价态铁同时共存.     

微球负载双核锰配合物作为新型非均相CWPO催化剂对活性蓝P-3R的脱色应用

以微胶囊技术为负载手段,将一种具有高效催化氧化活性的双核锰配合物Mn L负载到了乙基纤维素微球中,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)、紫外可见(UV-VIS)光谱扫描、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征测试手段对该微球负载催化剂进行了相关的形态结构表征,发现催化剂Mn L在乙基纤维素微球基质内分散良好,并保持了其原结构的完整性.将制备的该Mn L负载微球用于催化活性蓝P-3R溶液模拟染料废水的氧化脱色反应,表现出了很好的催化氧化性能.催化氧化脱色实验发现,其不仅可以催化活性蓝P-3R溶液至完全氧化脱色,并具备一定的可循环利用性,在经过4次循环使用后仍可催化活性蓝P-3R溶液达到70%以上的氧化脱色率,可以作为一种新型的非均相CWPO催化剂用于染料废水的脱色处理.     

H2O2预氧化对负载铁制备污泥炭基催化剂效能的影响

以城市污水厂二沉池污泥为原料,考察了不同H_2O_2投加量下污泥预氧化对铁负载污泥形成前驱体及其热解后制得炭基催化剂性能的影响,研究了污泥预氧化对强化铁负载制备均一分散型污泥炭基催化剂的机理.结果表明,污泥预氧化促进了污泥细胞破解,降低了絮体颗粒粒径和表面Zeta电位,使铁负载量增加、铁活性位点在污泥载体上的分散性明显增强,形成炭基催化剂保持着高催化活性,其稳定性显著增加.对模拟含铬黑T染料废水的多相芬顿降解试验说明,当污泥预氧化H_2O_2投加量为2.25%时制备的炭基催化剂,其反应120 min后铬黑T的降解率为91%,略低于未预氧化时污泥炭基催化剂的降解效率(96%);但未预氧化炭基催化剂其反应后溶液中铁离子的溶出量(18.9%)远高于预氧化后形成的催化剂(2.5%),且后者循环3次对铬黑T的降解率仍可达到86%,表现出较强的稳定性.     

Heterogeneous uptake of NO2 on soils under variable temperature and relative humidity conditions

Heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on soils collected from Dalian (S1) and Changsha (S2) were investigated over the relative humidity (RH) range of 5%-80% and temperature range of 278-328 K using a horizontal coated-wall flow tube. The initial uptake coefficients of NO₂ on S2 exhibited a decreasing trend from (10 ± 1.3) × 10^-8 to (3.1 ± 0.5) × 10^-8 with the relative humidity increasing from 5% to 80%. In the temperature effect studies, the initial uptake coefficients of S1 and S2 decreased from (10 ± 1.2) × 10^-8 to (3.8 ± 0.5) × 10^-8 and from (16 ± 2.2) × 10^-8 to (3.8 ± 0.4) × 10^-8 when temperature increased from 278 to 288 K for S1 and from 278 to 308 K for S2, respectively. As the temperature continued to increase, the initial uptake coefficients of S1 and S2 returned to (7.9 ± 1.1) × 10^-8 and (20 ± 3.1) × 10^-8 at 313 and 328 K, respectively. This study shows that relative humidity could influence the uptake kinetics of NO₂ on soil and temperature would impact the heterogeneous chemistry of NO₂.     

Size, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in a South China coastal city

Aerosol samples were collected in summer in Macao,a coastal city of the Pearl River Delta Region in China.Morphology,size,elemental composition,and mixing state of individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Based on the morphologies of 5711 aerosol particles,they consist of soot(32%),mineral(17%),secondary(22%),and unknown fine particles(29%).The sizes of these particles were mostly distributed between 0.1 and 0.4 μm.Compositions of 202 mineral particles were obtained by SEM/EDX.Mineral particles were mainly classified into three types:Si-rich,Ca-rich,and Na-rich.The compositions of typical mineral particles can indicate their sources in sampling location.For example,mineral particles,collected along the main street,were associated with trace amounts of heavy metals,such as Zn,Ti,Mn,Ba,Pb,and As.TEM observations indicate that most Na-rich particles were aged sea salt particles(e.g.,Na2SO4 and NaNO3) which formed through heterogeneous chemical reactions between sea salt and acidic gases.Additionally,aging time of soot was short in Macao due to high humidity,high temperature,and high levels of sunlight in Macao.Most of soot and fine mineral dust particles were internally mixed with secondary particles.     

区域生态质量评价指标选择基础框架及其实现

论述了区域生态质量评价的理论基础、基本单元、指标选择原则及方法、基本评价指标及其实现 ,旨在为区域生态质量评价指标框架的建立打下基础     

纳米Cu0@Fe3O4活化PMS降解对-硝基苯酚的协同反应机制

为解决纳米Cu⁰活化过硫酸盐体系主要依赖浸出铜离子参与均相反应且适应pH范围窄(<7)的缺陷,本研究采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄催化剂,以对-硝基苯酚(PNP)为目标污染物,较系统地考察了Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄活化PMS的性能和降解PNP的反应机制.结果表明:(1) pH=5.65、 200 mg·L^-1 Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄和0.5 mmol·L^-1 PMS在60 min内对5 mg·L^-1 PNP的降解率可达到96%;(2)在Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄/PMS体系中,总铜离子(TCu)和总亚铜离子(TCu⁺)以及铁离子浸出几乎可以忽略,可认为是非均相反应体系;(3)通过包覆Fe₃O