SMBR-IVCW系统处理高浓度综合污水

为了提高污水处理的质量和效率,将高效的生物处理技术--膜.生物反应器(SMBR)与生态净化技术--复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)进行有效复合而成的SMBR-IVCW复合系统应用于高浓度综合污水的高效处理与回用中.通过对不同水力负荷组合条件下SMBR-IVCW系统对污染物净化效果的比较,得到了该复合系统的较好水力组合条件.结果表明,SMBR-IVCW具有良好的净化功效及稳定性,SMBR单元在有机物的去除、硝化作用中起到主要贡献,而IVCW单元在反硝化脱氮、深度除磷等方面进一步补充,两者的有机结合能充分发挥各自的优势,并得到了较优的水力负荷组合条件:SMBR为1000L·d-1,IVCW为375mm·d～;在该条件下.SMBR-IVCW系统总停留时问为19.22h.处理后出水中CODcr、TP、NH 4-N浓度分别为11.0、0.086、0.44mg·L-1,均可达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准(GB 3838.2002).SMBR-IVCW系统在此类污水处理方面具有良好的潜力.     

高盐度采油废水生物处理影响因素

采用UASB+SBR法处理某海洋油田产生的采油废水。针对该废水难降解和高盐度的特性,探讨总盐度、Cl-浓度、处理负荷、曝气时间等因素对生物处理过程的影响,为工程设计及实际应用提供科学依据。     

Performance of a water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed

Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 m2 was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks’ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 21.78% of total nitrogen (TN) and 23.02% of total phosphorus (TP). Both dissolved oxygen (DO) and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the di erences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth.We concluded that a water hyacinth system was e ective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.     

Numerical study on the ozone formation inside street canyons using a chemistry box model

Tropospheric ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO_x),volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and solar radiation.In an urban environment,ground-level vehicular exhaust is the major anthropogenic source of ozone precursors.In the cases of street canyons,pollutant dilution is weakened by the surrounding buildings that creates localized high concentration of NO_x and VOCs,and thus leads to high potential of ozone formation.By considering the major physical and chemica...     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem

Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated in an airlift bioreactor （ALB）, augmented with a novel heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T under organic carbon to nitrogen ratios （Corg/N） ranging from 0 to 12. Effect of the inoculated strain was also determined on the settling properties and the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Two laboratory scale reactors were set up to achieve a stable nitrifying state under the same physicochemical conditions of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen （DO）, and operated under the sequencing batch mode. The level of DO was kept at 0.5- 1.5 mg/L by periodic stirring and aeration. Each specific Corg/N ratio was continued for duration of 3 weeks. One of the reactors （BR2） was inoculated with P ammonioxydans H9^T periodically at the start of each Corg/N ratio. Sludge volumetric index （SVI） improved with the increasing Corg/N ratio, but no significant difference was detected between the two reactors. BR2 showed higher levels of nitrogen removal with the increasing heterotrophic conditions, and the ammonia removal reached to the level of 82%-88%, up to10% higher than that in the control reactor （BR1） at Corg/N ratios higher than 6; however, the ammonia removal level in experimental reactor was up to 8% lower than that in control reactor at Corg/N ratios lower than 2. The COD removal efficiency progressively increased with the increasing Corg/N ratios in both of the reactors. The COD removal percentage up to peak values of 88%-94% in BR2, up to 11% higher than that in BR1 at Corg/N ratio higher than 4. The peak values of ammonia and COD removal almost coincided with the highest number （18%-27% to total bacterial number） of the exogenous bacterium in the BR2, detected as colony forming units （CFU）. Furthermore, the removal of ammonia and COD in BR2 was closely related to the number of the inoculated strain with a coefficient index （R2） up to 0.82 and 0.85 for ammonia and     

强化水旋澄清池技术处理黄河高浊度水的试验研究

由于兰州段夏季黄河水的浊度较高,直接影响了自来水厂的正常运行,而目前水厂所用工艺无法满足高浊度水的处理要求,因此,采用自主研究开发的具有特殊结构的水旋澄清池对黄河高浊度水进行了强化处理的试验研究。研究结果表明：在多点投药混合方式下,强化水旋澄清池可提高浊度的处理效果;若在投加无机絮凝剂PAC后,再投加有机絮凝剂PAM进行复配作用,不仅可降低无机絮凝剂的用量,节约制水成本,而且提高了自来水厂的出水水质;结果也表明该水旋澄清池技术能够推广应用于黄河高浊度水的强化处理工艺中。     

羧化CTS微球对共存有机污染物的吸附研究

采用反相悬浮法制备交联羧甲基化壳聚糖微球,并用高效液相色谱法-紫外检测研究了改性壳聚糖微球对共存有机污染物的吸附。试验了吸附时间、溶液pH值、有机物的浓度等因素对水中共存有机污染物吸附的影响。结果表明,在有机物浓度相近的情况下,羧化改性壳聚糖微球对水中2,4-二硝基酚的去除量最大。     

高含水率垃圾与污泥混合堆肥实验研究

采用好氧堆肥工艺处理高含水率城市生活垃圾和脱水污泥。高含水率垃圾(含水率≥65%)经过一段时间静置预处理,含水率降至55%左右,破碎筛分,取筛下物和脱水污泥进行好氧堆肥。结果显示预处理垃圾和污泥在质量比1～3之间时,堆肥过程可以达到卫生化和稳定化的处理要求,质量比为1时升温速度快,堆肥周期短,有较好的堆肥效果;回用部分处理后堆肥可以大大缩短堆肥启动时间。     

上海市城郊臭氧浓度变化分析及模拟预报

利用上海市普陀、南汇、淀山湖3个臭氧观测站2005年的臭氧小时观测资料,首先对市区和郊区的大气臭氧浓度的污染特征和变化情况进行了分析,结果表明,上海市郊区的臭氧浓度和污染水平高于市区,且臭氧浓度日变化在市区呈现明显的双峰现象,而郊区则是单峰型变化规律。然后运用基于统计学理论的最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）方法对3个站的日（24h）平均和白日（12h）平均以及日最大值臭氧浓度进行预测,得到较好的预报效果。     

内蒙古地区沙尘暴时间分布特征及其沙尘气溶胶TSP浓度值

沙尘暴是我国北方地区尤其是内蒙古自治区较常见的一种灾害性天气,直接危害工农业生产、人民生活。本文就内蒙古地区沙尘暴的时间特征,沙尘气溶胶TSP浓度值进行了论述,并提出了减轻沙尘暴危害、减少沙尘暴发生次数的建议。