井下光谱多参数分析系统开发

本系统基于气体浓度光学分析方法理论朗伯-比尔(Lambert-Beer)定律、光谱气体检测技术开发,实现了对煤矿火灾与瓦斯灾害超前预警、灾害产生的有毒有害气体实时监测和煤矿环境气体爆炸危险性辨识,对于煤矿灾害防治、救灾过程中杜绝次生灾害,保障煤矿工人及救护队员的生命安全,促进煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。     

A new leak location method based on leakage acoustic waves for oil and gas pipelines

In order to study a new leak detection and location method for oil and natural gas pipelines based on acoustic waves, the propagation model is established and modified. Firstly, the propagation law in theory is obtained by analyzing the damping impact factors which cause the attenuation. Then, the dominant-energy frequency bands of leakage acoustic waves are obtained through experiments by wavelet transform analysis. Thirdly, the actual propagation model is modified by the correction factor based on the dominant-energy frequency bands. Then a new leak detection and location method is proposed based on the propagation law which is validated by the experiments for oil pipelines. Finally, the conclusions and the method are applied to the gas pipelines in experiments. The results indicate: the modified propagation model can be established by the experimental method; the new leak location method is effective and can be applied to both oil and gas pipelines and it has advantages over the traditional location method based on the velocity and the time difference. Conclusions can be drawn that the new leak detection and location method can effectively and accurately detect and locate the leakages in oil and natural gas pipelines.     

Formation and Emission of N2O and CH4 from Compost Heaps of Organic Household Waster

Composting can be a source of N₂O andCH₄ production. In this investigation, differentcompost heaps of organic household waste weremonitored with the focus on potential formation ofCH₄ and N₂O in the heaps and emission ofthese gases from the heaps. The studied compost heapshad different compost ages, turning intervals andcompost sizes. The analysed compost gases containedbetween 1–3421 L of N₂O-N L^-1 and 0–470 mL of CH₄ L^-1. The emission rates ofN₂O and CH₄ from the compost heaps werebetween 1–1464 mg N₂O m^-2 day^-1 and0–119 000 mg CH₄ m^-2 day^-1. These verylarge differences in compost gas composition andemission indicate the importance of compostmanagement. The results also give an understanding ofwhere in the composting process an increasing emissionof N₂O and CH₄ can occur.     

The importance of temperature in assessing iron pipe corrosion in water distribution systems

Temperature is expected to play a significant role in the corrosion of iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including biological activity, physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, and chemical rates. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradients may give rise to new corrosion phenomena worthy of consideration by water treatment personnel.     

阳离子共聚物的反相悬浮聚合

采用反相悬浮聚合方法合成颗粒状的阳离子型高分子絮凝剂。选用丙烯酰胺(Am)和氯化[N,N,N-三甲基乙醇丙烯酸酯]盐(AQ)两种单体,研究反应体系的特征及影响分子量的基本因素,诸如温度、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、分散剂浓度、水相和油相的体积比(Vw/Vo)对分子量的影响。为了选择出最佳原料比,本文对两种单体的原料比进行了研究。实验中还发现亚硫酸钠是一种优良的缩短反应诱导期、加速反应进程的试剂。     

H酸综合废水治理工艺试验研究及工程应用

针对H酸母液及T酸一次洗水高含盐量有机废水进行系统的实验研究，结果表明：废水经冷却、结晶、过滤后，用铁屑过滤，石灰乳、PAM处理．使废水COD去除率为50％，脱色率为7O％，BOD／CODcr提高到0．2以上，预期COD去除率达60％以上，BOD去除率达85％以上，NH3—N去除率达80％以上．     

浅谈原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用

本文介绍了原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用情况和重要性。分析了原子吸收光度法（包括石墨炉法）与ICP-AES（电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法），原子荧光法，极谱法在分析元素时各自的优缺点，又从目前环境监测的角度阐述了应用原子吸收分光度计的重要性与现实性。分析了原子吸收分光广度计在使用中的常见问题及原子吸收分光广度法分析中常出现的问题（从仪器、方法角度分别讲述）。并提出了原子吸收分光度计要进一步应适应环境监测的需求。     

输气场站工艺安全风险分析

针对输气场站HAZOP风险评估出的天然气泄漏风险进行工艺安全量化分析,通过天然气泄漏喷射火模拟,对天然气泄漏风险进行量化,为输气场站的安全管理提供有效的技术支持。通过量化,分析出对天然气泄漏喷射火造成后果大小的影响因素,提高了HAZOP风险分析的准确性和科学性,对输气场站的风险管理具有参考意义。     

钢渣湿法脱硫试验研究

以某厂钢渣为吸收剂,以旋流板塔为吸收器,对湿法脱硫进行了试验研究。通过分析钢渣脱硫前后的化学成分变化,以及试验脱硫率随反应过程的变化,提出了钢渣湿法脱硫的反应机理。同时,试验研究了液气比、进气SO_2浓度、浆液浓度等主要参数对脱硫率的影响,以及加添加剂的效果。试验结果表明,通过合理的设计和适当的操作,可使钢渣湿法应用于中低脱硫率(50％～70％)的场合,以取得综合治理、以废治废的效果。     

水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化处理高盐度水产品加工废水

介绍了“水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化”处理水产品加工废水的运行效果和工程实例，结果表明：对C1^-浓度平均6000mg／L的高盐度水产品加工废水，系统对COD、SS、氨氮的去除率分别超过了88％、90％、85％，出水COD、SS、氨氮分别低于100mg／L、70mg／L、15mg／L，出水完全可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）一级排放标准。