Sheep's wool insulation: A sustainable alternative use for a renewable resource?

Material selection in manufacturing may be characterized as a series of trade-offs between characteristics, properties, environmental impacts, sustainability, availability, and economics. Societal concerns about the environmental impacts of construction practices and materials have been expressed through an increase in the demand, production and use of “green” building products. This, combined with a desire to integrate more bioproducts and natural and renewable resources into the construction industry, has extended to the production and promotion of insulation made from sheep's wool.Although substantial literature exists on the insulation properties and other benefits of wool, less is known about the economics and manufacturing processes of sheep's wool insulation at varying scales of production. This paper contributes to this field of enquiry through presentation of the preliminary results of a wool insulation manufacturing pilot project, in which the scale and economics of the production of sheep's wool insulation were considered. Processing techniques, the impact of sheep breed, yield, energy use, and manufacturing costs were also examined. The results of the pilot project indicate that, while sheep's wool insulation produced at a smaller, or artisanal scale shows some potential, scale of operation and volume of production need to be carefully considered in order to ensure long-term sustainability of the operation. Using the least expensive sheep's wool available for the manufacture of wool batt insulation (and thereby reducing production costs) did not, in this pilot study, have a negative impact on productivity or product performance. Diversion of this waste stream of currently less marketable, and consequently less valuable wool, into the production of a green building material may offer small but significant benefit to sheep producers and the broader agricultural community, as well as consumers.     

建筑物人员疏散行动时间的预测研究

针对目前疏散模型忽略房间中障碍物对人员行动的影响,笔者提出一种“L型”行动路线,并对空间节点进行了细化,根据网络控制型原理,建立了更为完善合理的疏散行动时间预测数学模型。在该研究的基础上,开发出了高层建筑人员疏散行动时间预测软件,该软件具有计算速度快、动态模拟性强的特点。通过实例计算对比国外公式,证明了节点细化的正确性和开发软件的适用性及可靠性。     

面向城市管理的城市建筑存量研究综述

城市建筑存量研究是为适应当前城市管理的需要而出现的理论研究,与国家制定的城市可持续发展战略具有内在一致性。本文对城市建筑存量的概念进行解析,全面阐述了城市建筑存量研究的意义,概述了城市建筑存量研究的系统边界、内涵和研究方法等,总结了城市建筑存量研究的三大领域：城市建筑存量时空演变及影响因素研究、城市建筑废弃物资源化开发潜力分析研究和城市可持续管理决策支持系统开发的研究现状。目前城市建筑存量理论体系尚不够完善、定量工具和基础数据库严重缺乏,对于城市决策支持不足,未来应在城市建筑存量时空演变及环境影响分析、开发融合多学科交叉及新技术应用的分析方法和辅助城市可持续管理决策三个领域加强和深化研究。     

城市地下建筑内噪声源调查及建筑噪声控制措施研讨

对几个城市已开发的地下公共建筑进行噪声源调查测定,分析地下建筑内带共性的噪声源房间,如风机房、水泵房、地下柴油发电机组等,和不同使用功能的地下建筑声环境要求进行比较,并就地下现有隔空气声结构的隔声测定结果进行初步分析和评价,为今后人防地下建筑设计提供参考。     

基于大样本量的地震死亡率与建筑物倒塌率关系研究

本文以1976年唐山Ms7．8地震震害普查数据为基础,选取丰富的统计样本,采用地理信息软件建立地震死亡率、建筑物倒塌率分布图,揭示出唐山地震灾区高震亡率和高劁塌率呈线性集中沿唐山断裂带分布,在河道、古湖泊和砂土液化地区也存在震害高值区。基于丰富的统计样本,获得了唐山地震死亡率与建筑物倒塌率的非线性关系式。     

Research on buildings impacting on aerosol diffusing in urban area using remote sensing

Employing remote sensing method to interpret the building volumetric ratio and aerosol status in Guangzhou, China. The relation between them and identified characteristics of their spatial distribution was analyzed. Results showed that building density and aerosol status are strongly correlated. It is indicated that the resistance of building to aerosol diffusing is one of factors influencing air pollution in urban area. On the basis of calculated results, building voluminous ratio of 5.6 is taken as the threshold impacting on aerosol diffusing, so the buildina voluminous ratio of Guanazhou should be limited to less than 5.6 in order to alleviate air pollution.     

古商业街木结构建筑防火间距的数值模拟研究

古商业街木结构建筑较多,防火间距先天不足,发生火灾后蔓延迅速,有必要开展木结构建筑引燃特性研究以获得合理的防火间距设置参数.以古商业街为研究对象,以临界温度和热辐射强度作为着火建筑对面木结构建筑被引燃的判定指标,综合考虑环境风速、建筑间距、火源功率、喷淋系统等因素,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS分析系列火灾场景下的温度和...     

基于SD-MOP模型的建筑施工安全事故预测研究

为解决传统预测方法对建筑施工安全事故概率预测与实际发生概率偏差较大的问题,本文基于SD-MOP模型对建筑施工安全事故概率进行预测。通过确定建筑施工安全事故预测目标函数及约束条件,基于SD-MOP模型确定目标优先级划分,预测建筑施工安全事故发生概率,对建筑施工安全事故进行预测,并与传统预测方法进行比较。结果表明:该预测方法与传统预测方法相比预测结果准确性更高,可为建筑施工的经济效益和社会效益提供保障。