Multi-objective transportation route optimization for hazardous materials based on GIS

Safety and security are of paramount importance, it is important to optimize and improve the routes of trucks that carry hazardous materials. In this study, we not only ensure the risk in the network, but also consider the transportation cost and the factors such as buildings and emergency facilities around the routes. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to quantify the factors on each section in the network. We present an epsilon constrained multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming optimization model to find the robust and stable transportation optimization solutions. At the end, we complete a case analysis of the proposed methodology to determine the motorway segments in Jiangsu province, China and test the above algorithm on the network, which has 144 nodes and 388 sections. The results we get show that the factors of buildings play a very important role in the model, and the multi-objective mixed-integer linear optimization model is reasonable and performs good quality.     

基于集装化外运与综合型处理的上海城市生活垃圾管理对策

分析了上海市区生活垃圾收运处理现状与问题,借鉴国外特大城市生活垃圾收运处理管理经验和教训,提出了将现有垃圾水运系统升级改造为集装化水陆联运系统、将现有老港废弃物处置场扩建为生活垃圾分类、生化处理、焚烧发电、填埋等多种技术有机组合的综合型处理基地的方案,为改善上海市生活垃圾收运与处理处置系统提出可行的对策建议.     

An Interpretive Study of Yosemite National Park Visitors’ Perspectives Toward Alternative Transportation in Yosemite Valley

The National Park Service (NPS) is increasingly focusing on alternative transportation systems in national parks to address environmental and social problems arising from a historical reliance on personal automobiles as the primary means of visitor access. Despite the potential advantages, alternative transportation may require a reorientation in the way that Americans have experienced national parks since the advent of auto-tourism in the early twentieth century. Little research exists, however, on visitor perspectives towards alternative transportation or the rationale underlying their perspectives. It remains unclear how transportation systems affect visitors’ experiences of the park landscape or the factors influencing their travel behavior in the parks. This report presents an interpretive study of visitor perspectives toward transportation management in the Yosemite Valley area of Yosemite National Park, California. Qualitative analysis of 160 semi-structured interviews identified individual psychological factors as well as situational influences that affect visitors’ behavior and perspectives. Individual psychological factors include perceived freedom, environmental values and beliefs, prior experience with Yosemite National Park and other national parks, prior experience with alternative transportation in national parks, and sensitivity to subjective perceptions of crowding. Situational factors included convenience, access, and flexibility of travel modes, as well as type of visit, type of group, and park use level. Interpretive communication designed to encourage voluntary visitor use of alternative transportation should focus on these psychological and situational factors. Although challenges remain, the results of this study suggest approaches for shaping the way Americans visit and experience their national parks to encourage environmental sustainability.     

高速公路建设与区域城镇分布的相互影响初探--以山东省为例

本文在介绍山东省高速公路发展概况的基础上，对其发展速度、规模及布局做了初步评价，同时以现有的交通网络格局为基础，结合各城市2001年的GDP数量和所处的地理环境的差异，划分出城镇密集区与稀疏区，分析评价了高速公路路网结构与城镇分布的相互关系。并分析了高速公路的空间布局与山东省城镇分布和扩展方向的相互影响。     

沿海高速公路风险评价体系构建

沿海高速公路建设面临地质条件复杂,气象灾害多样、工程类型多等困难,针对其风险评估工作多而繁杂的实际情况,以浙江沿海疏港高速公路为工程背景,选择道路工程、桥梁工程和隧道工程为研究对象,在其中筛选提炼出软土路基区、人工海岸区、跨海湾特大桥、水底隧道等作为评价对象,分析了在沿线地质条件及气象条件下,不同评价对象在施工期和运营期可能面临的各种风险因素,选择其中的主要风险因素,构成多级评估对象,搭建了沿海高速公路风险评价的体系,并且说明了所采用的评估方法和评估流程,并介绍了所采用的风险概率和风险后果等级标准。构建沿海高速公路风险评价体系能为我国的类似工程提供了借鉴。     

矿区铁路安全管理信息系统的研究

针对我国矿区铁路运输安全管理落后的现状,分析矿区铁路运输安全管理的主要特点,设计了矿区铁路安全管理信息系统的总体结构。以徐沛铁路运输系统为例,基于B/S模式开发了徐沛铁路安全管理信息系统,实现了对职工的安全培训考核、职工安全档案管理、运输事故信息的录入与统计分析、各类安全文档的管理、技术措施的审批和安全直通车的功能。该系统已在徐沛铁路运输安全管理中得到成功应用,也可应用于其他矿区铁路安全管理。     

油气集输站安全监控预警及管理信息系统的开发

提出油气集输站安全监控预警及管理信息系统建设的调研内容、需求分析以及安全相关控制系统的风险分析流程。设计了该系统建设的4层结构框架和拓扑图,深入研究了实时参数监控、分级报警与安全保护控制、智能诊断与预警、多媒体监控、安全生产管理信息子系统的主要开发内容和功能实现。     

建筑火灾烟气中CO迁移规律的FDS模拟

以T型"侧间-走廊"典型建筑火灾为模拟对象,分析烟气在走廊中的水平和垂直流动特征,并对火源房门高低、走廊端头启闭和多房门启闭等场景使用火灾模拟软件(FDS)进行了模拟和远距离房间CO浓度的迁移规律的分析。结果表明:烟气从火源房间经拱腹溢出在走廊中形成受限空间的顶棚射流;门檐高度决定了CO能够在走廊中的迁移量;烟气在走廊远距离封闭端头形成上部的热烟气层,中部回流层和下层的补气层;其中中部烟气回流层的高低、流速和CO浓度是影响临近非火源房间CO浓度的重要因素。走廊启闭和多房门火灾场景的模拟结果也进一步证明了CO的迁移规律。     

公路交通事故黑点成因的对应分析法

为了便捷获取公路事故黑点的形成原因,应用对应分析构建立事故黑点成因分析模型。该模型设立事故样本和事故影响因素之间的列联表,将列联表中影响变量的状态呈现于二维对应分析散点图中,以直观简洁的形式描述事故样本与影响因素之间的对应关系。进而设定相关系数判定对应分析模型的收敛性,应用点子排除法剔除特殊影响变量,增强了分析结果的鲁棒性。通过G205事故黑点路段(K954+50-K954+900)的实例分析表明,运用对应分析法所建立的模型与算法可以获得公路事故黑点形成的主要和次要因素,准确确定直接原因与根本原因的对应关系。     

Comparing Costs of Onsite Best Management Practices to Nutrient Credits for Stormwater Management: A Case Study in Virginia

Best management practices (BMPs) are widely used to mitigate impacts of increased impervious surfaces on stormwater runoff. However, there is limited detailed and up‐to‐date information available on the cost of designing, constructing, and maintaining BMPs over their lifetime. The objective of this study is to analyze BMPs recently constructed by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to quantify their total cost per pound of phosphorus removed annually. A motivating factor for the study is recent changes to regulatory guidelines in Virginia which allow for full or partial substitution of purchased nutrient credits in lieu of constructing onsite BMPs to achieve compliance with stormwater quality regulations. Results of the analysis of nine BMPs found their cost ranged from $20,100 to $74,900, in 2014 dollars, per pound ($44,313‐$165,126 per kg) of phosphorus removed. Based on these results and assuming current credit prices procured by VDOT, purchasing nutrient credits is a cost‐effective option for the agency, especially when factoring in the cost of additional right of way for the BMP. Based on this finding, we expect compliance with stormwater quality regulations through credit purchases to become more widely used in Virginia. Moving forward, we suggest more direct tracking of BMP costs to support comparisons between BMP costs across a range of types and conditions to credit purchases for meeting stormwater regulations.