建筑施工企业安全质量标准化常见问题及对策

本文介绍了建筑施工企业开展安全质量标准化达标活动的背景,并从"对安全质量标准化达标活动重视程度不够、主动性不强"、"全员参与程度低"等几个方面指出了建筑施工企业开展安全质量标准化达标活动中存在的问题;同时提出了"统一思想,提高对安全质量标准化达标的认识"、"强化安全生产主体责任的落实"等8条解决措施,并提出了"建立有效...     

大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层发展规律的理论分析

对几类典型的大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层的发展规律进行了理论分析,并和文献中的实验结果进行了对比。理论分析表明热烟气层的发展速率除了与火源的功率和大空间的几何尺寸有关外,还取决于火羽流的种类。给出了轴对称火羽流、二维线性溢流和沿墙壁的二维线性火羽流情况下的热烟气层发展速率的表达式,对大空间建筑的火灾安全设计与灾害预测具有指导意义。     

区域化变量理论在历史洪涝灾害空间格局重建中的应用──以长江流域1736-1911年洪涝灾害为例

通过构造一个例子,简介了区域化变量理论的基本原理、计算过程及其在洪涝灾害空间格局重建中的优点。依据区域化变量理论,以长江流域1736～1911年洪涝灾害为实例,重建了长江流域历史时期洪涝灾害的基本空间格局．     

Transitional coordination in Sudan (2006–08): lessons from the United Nations Resident Coordinator's Office

With the increase in internal conflicts following the end of the Cold War, the scale and scope of the United Nations' work in conflict and post‐conflict environments grew markedly. As a result, the coordination of programming and policy in the transition from relief to recovery has been a central preoccupation of academics and practitioners alike. Intergovernmental bodies such as the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) have made these topics a subject of regular discussion, while some countries have altered their bureaucratic structures to respond more effectively in post‐crisis settings, particularly in cases involving the deployment of national troops. The United Nations Resident Coordinator's Office in Sudan provides a model for other transitional countries and is a useful case study of the broader challenges of post‐crisis programming. Effective coordination structures and planning/programming processes are identified as interdependent prerequisites for ensuring a successful transition from relief to recovery.     

《汶川地震建筑物震害遥感解译图集》的编制

2008年四川汶川8.0级地震造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。在震后灾害监测、应急指挥与抢险救援、灾害调查、损失评估、灾民安置、恢复重建以及地震科学研究等工作中,遥感技术发挥了重要作用。《汶川地震建筑物震害遥感解译图集》根据地震后地震现场建筑物震害遥感比对科学考察资料和震害遥感资料分析处理结果,按照科学性、知识性和资料性的编制原则编制而成。主要包括汶川大地震发生的地震地质、地势和社会环境,灾区遥感影像获取、建筑物震害影像特点与实际震害表现、震害遥感定量评估方法、汶川大地震灾区(Ⅷ度及以上地区)震害遥感定量评估模型,以及主要城市和乡镇震害遥感影像和震害评估结果等。     

城市建筑物抗震能力评估方法

由于建筑物震害预测方法只能估计建筑物的破坏而不能评定建筑物的抗震能力,基于对城市建筑物潜在破坏的估计,提出了城市建筑物抗震能力的评估方法。影响城市建筑物抗震能力的因素包括城市所处的地震危险性环境和城市建筑物的易损性。为了考虑地震危险性因素,进行了以地面峰值加速度(PGA)为参数的地震危险性分析,提出了我国不同地震危险性特征分区的PGA概率密度函数;为了考虑建筑物的易损性因素,采用HAZUS-MH中的静力弹塑性分析(push-over anal-ysis)方法研究群体建筑物易损性。通过对这两个因素的研究,建立了城市建筑物抗震能力评估方法,提出的相对全概率抗震能力指数可以反映城市建筑物在其所在的地震危险性环境下所具有的抗震能力,而采用绝对全概率抗震能力指数能够比较不同建筑抗震能力的差异,再结合建筑物抗震能力评估标准,可确定抗震能力水平。以晋江市抽样建筑物抗震能力评估为例,结合震害经验,论证了该方法的有效性。     

BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用

为提高钢结构建筑抗震减灾性能,降低建筑坍塌风险,研究BIM技术在钢结构建筑抗震减灾管理中的应用方法是非常必要的.利用BIM技术在钢结构建筑整体建造中的动态建模、可视化、信息共享管理以及抗震减灾性能检测等优势,在建筑抗震减灾管理决策阶段,选出最优方案,针对方案中影响建筑抗震减灾性能风险制定管理策略;在设计阶段,创建三维建...     

应对恐怖爆炸袭击建筑物防护的研究现状综述

使用人体炸弹、邮件炸弹、箱包炸弹和汽车炸弹对目标进行恐怖爆炸袭击,是当前恐怖主义活动中最常采用的方式。大当量的箱包炸弹和汽车炸弹对建筑物的破坏作用尤为严重,一旦成功实施将会对建筑物造成严重破坏,并对建筑内人员的生命安全形成巨大威胁。本文针对性的介绍了爆炸荷载作用下建筑物的响应情况、不同防护距离和防护等级下建筑物的破坏情况和程度,总结了国内外对于建筑物承受爆炸荷载时的防护距离和荷载计算方面的规定,可供重要建筑物防恐怖爆炸袭击的防护技术、防护措施的研究参考。     

Defining Historical Baselines for Conservation: Ecological Changes Since European Settlement on Vancouver Island,Canada

Abstract: Conservation and restoration goals are often defined by historical baseline conditions that occurred prior to a particular period of human disturbance, such as European settlement in North America. Nevertheless, if ecosystems were heavily influenced by native peoples prior to European settlement, conservation efforts may require active management rather than simple removal of or reductions in recent forms of disturbance. We used pre‐European settlement land survey records (1859–1874) and contemporary vegetation surveys to assess changes over the past 150 years in tree species and habitat composition, forest density, and tree size structure on southern Vancouver Island and Saltspring Island, British Columbia, Canada. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that frequent historical burning by native peoples, and subsequent fire suppression, have played dominant roles in shaping this landscape. First, the relative frequency of fire‐sensitive species (e.g., cedar [Thuja plicata]) has increased, whereas fire‐tolerant species (e.g., Douglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii]) have decreased. Tree density has increased 2‐fold, and the proportion of the landscape in forest has greatly increased at the expense of open habitats (plains, savannas), which today contain most of the region's threatened species. Finally, the frequency distribution of tree size has shifted from unimodal to monotonically decreasing, which suggests removal of an important barrier to tree recruitment. In addition, although most of the open habitats are associated with Garry oak (Quercus garryana) at present, most of the open habitats prior to European settlement were associated with Douglas‐fir, which suggests that the current focus on Garry oak as a flagship for the many rare species in savannas may be misguided. Overall, our results indicate that the maintenance and restoration of open habitats will require active management and that historical records can provide critical guidance to such efforts.     

马鞍山市住宅冬季能耗调查

对马鞍山市60户住宅冬季能耗进行了问卷调查,分析了住宅建筑、采暖设备等的内容与特点,统计了冬季电、天然气和水的消耗,得出马鞍山市住宅冬季能耗相关指标;并比较了马鞍山市与长沙、上海等城市住宅的能耗调查结果,比较结果表明：虽然马鞍山市冬季平均能耗比同气候地区的大城市低,但采暖电耗并不比大城市低。