An integrated method for the rapid dewatering and solidification/stabilization of dredged contaminated sediment with a high water content

• An integrated method, called PHDVPSS, was proposed for treating DCS. • The PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to conventional method. • Using the method, water content (%) of DCS decreased from 300 to<150 in 3 days. • The 56-day UCS from this method is 12‒17 times higher than conventional method. • Relative to PC, GGBS-MgO binder yielded greater reduction in the leachability. To more efficiently treat the dredged contaminated sediment (DCS) with a high water content, this study proposes an integrated method (called PHDVPSS) that uses the solidifying/stabilizing (S/S) agents and prefabricated horizontal drain (PHD) assisted by vacuum pressure (VP). Using this method, dewatering and solidification/stabilization can be carried out simultaneously such that the treatment time can be significantly shortened and the treatment efficacy can be significantly improved. A series of model tests was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that the proposed PHDVPSS method showed superior performance compared to the conventional S/S method that uses Portland cement (PC) directly without prior dewatering. The 56-day unconfined compressive strength of DCS treated by the proposed method with GGBS-MgO as the binder is 12‒17 times higher than that by the conventional S/S method. DCS treated by the PHDVPSS method exhibited continuous decrease in leaching concentration of Zn with increasing curing age. The reduction of Zn leachability is more obvious when using GGBS-MgO as the binder than when using PC, because GGBS-MgO increased the residual fraction and decreased the acid soluble fraction of Zn. The microstructure analysis reveals the formation of hydrotalcite in GGBS-MgO binder, which resulted in higher mechanical strength and higher Zn stabilization efficiency.     

水平井油基钻井液气侵溶解气膨胀运移规律研究

天然气进入井筒并溶解于油基钻井液会对钻井安全产生潜在威胁,溶解气随钻井液运移到井口附近突然发生析出 并膨胀,使气侵早期监测及预警的难度显著增加。为了降低井喷发生概率和钻井作业风险,针对水平井油基钻井液溶解 气运移规律进行了研究。采用气液两相流模型,模拟了不同初始气侵速率情况下甲烷溶解气和游离气随钻井液在水平段 和垂直段的运移过程,得到环空中钻井液的流速变化、甲烷析出过程、井筒环空气液两相流流型变化、泥浆池增量随时 间变化和截面含气率沿程分布等规律。模拟结果表明,油基钻井液发生气侵时的初始进气率存在临界值;在小气侵速率 情况下,侵入环空的甲烷将以溶解气的形式运移到井口,在井口分离释放,对钻井安全构成的威胁较小;而当气侵量超 过临界值时,在环空上部发生气体分离,分离点迅速下移,如不及时控制,在极短时间内便可演化为井喷,危险性极大 。     

春季不同天气城市街头绿地内PM2.5质量浓度分布特征研究

于2012年春季,采用水平分布监测法监测了3种天气下距交通污染源不同距离的街头绿地中的PM2.5质量浓度,研究了不同天气下PM2.5的日变化、水平分布规律及绿地对PM2.5的净化效应,为城市街头绿地、城市公园建设及市民合理选择休闲锻炼时间和地点提供理论依据。结果表明：1）晴天和多云时,PM2.5质量浓度上午高于下午,7：00浓度最高,15：00最低;雨后阴天基本保持上升趋势。2）PM2.5日均质量浓度为晴天（61.67μg·m-3）〈多云（187.98μg·m-3）〈雨后阴天（291.48μg·m-3）。晴天除5：00和7：00外,其他时刻均达到国家二级标准,且13：00—15：00达到国家一类功能区空气质量要求;多云和雨后阴天PM2.5质量浓度分别超过国家二级浓度限值150.6%和288.6%。3）观测时段内,无论哪种天气,5：00、7：00、11：00和15：00绿地的净化功能较强,19：00净化功能均最差,所有监测点无一例外的表现为负效应。4）3种天气下,PM2.5质量浓度在距离道路10~25 m最高,绿地的净化效应最差,55 m外基本可以形成稳定的森林内环境。5）在南方高湿环境下,空气相对湿度是影响PM2.5质量浓度的主要因素,晴天和多云天气PM2.5浓度与相对湿度呈显著正相关,而雨后阴天二者呈负相关关系。6）在一定阈值内,街头绿地能够缓解PM2.5污染,为居民提供良好的休闲环境。从游憩时间来看,市民可以选择晴天进入街头绿地休闲,多云和雨后阴天尽量减少外出;从活动最佳地段来看,距离污染源55 m以上适宜休闲锻炼;从街头绿地的规划面积来看,半径以不小于55 m为宜。     

板坯火焰清理机烟气治理技术

介绍了国产板坯火焰清理机烟气的治理系统及湿式电除尘器的结构和技术特点.结果表明,该烟气治理系统及湿式电除尘器能够满足火焰清理机工况和烟气排放的环保要求,完全可以替代同类进口设备.     

1981~2010年深圳市不同等级霾天气特征分析

利用1981~2010年深圳市地面观测及空气质量监测资料,分析深圳不同等级霾天气的长期变化特征以及大气水平能见度、空气质量与霾的关系.结果表明:深圳霾日数总体呈增多趋势,强度增强,中度以上霾增多;各等级霾日数均呈增多态势,但不同等级霾日占年总霾日的比例变化趋势不同,轻微霾所占比例下降,轻度以上霾上升; 霾天气呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的季节特征,但重度霾却是夏季最多; 霾导致大气水平能见度明显下降,霾日平均能见度较非霾日低6~7km,霾等级越高,能见度下降越明显,霾日能见度日变化幅度较非霾日小;霾日SO2、NO2浓度为非霾日的1.4~1.7倍,PM10是非霾日的2.2倍,大气颗粒物污染加剧可能是深圳能见度恶化、霾天气增多的一个重要原因;针对荔香站霾日SO2浓度日变化不明显,PM10 、NO2浓度呈双峰型分布,与上下班时段吻合,说明机动车的增加也是深圳霾天气增多的主因之一;霾等级越高,空气中PM10、SO2、NO2的浓度越高,从轻微到重度霾各级之间SO2、NO2和PM10浓度增幅大都在15%~20%.     

城市生活垃圾卧式气流分选特性研究

利用处理能力100 kg/h的卧式气流分选机开展生活垃圾中塑料分选实验。实验结果表明:进风角度为10°、15°时,分别对应存在>8.5 m/s、7.7～9.3 m/s的风速范围,使塑料的纯度和分选效率达到80%以上;利用Fluent软件模拟,结果表明:进风角度>15°时,分选机内气流复杂,塑料纯度和分选效率的波动性大,仅存在较窄的风速范围可使总纯度和分选效率同时达到80%以上。     

水平弯管内硫沉积数值模拟研究

元素硫在集输管道中沉积会引起堵塞和腐蚀问题,而弯管是集输管道中较易出现硫沉积的部位之一。为此,采用数值模拟的方法研究水平弯管内的硫沉积问题,首先利用雷诺应力模型对流场进行模拟,其次采用Lagrange颗粒轨道模型对硫颗粒进行模拟追踪,研究不同因素对硫颗粒在弯管中沉积率的影响。结果表明:弯管内壁会出现负压区和低速区,气流速度和弯曲比会对流场产生影响;硫颗粒在弯管中的沉积率随流速、粒径和弯曲比的增大而增大;硫颗粒沉积是重力和离心力共同作用的结果,其中离心力是导致弯管中沉积率增大的重要原因。     

新型复合式除尘器

针对电、布除尘器的特点,提出了一种新型静电布袋混合式除尘器,并已应用于工业中。在没有使用任意阀门的前提下,该产品将电除尘器和布袋除尘器结合在一起,取长补短,充分发挥了电除尘器能大量收尘、节能、维护检修工作量小,还可捕集高比电阻和低比电阻等特殊干性粉尘,解决了电除尘难以净化的含微米或亚微米烟尘的难题。兼具布袋除尘器对粉尘粒度和比电阻不敏感、排放浓度低的优点。一级静电除尘器效率可达90%,对于粉尘浓度为30 g/m3左右的燃煤锅炉,经过静电除尘后进入滤袋的粉尘浓度只有3 g/m3。对于这种粉尘浓度,滤袋的清灰周期可达3 h以上。由于清灰周期的大大增长,可大大提高滤袋的寿命。该产品性价比优良、占地面积少、结构简单。尤其在净化效率、气体阻力等主要技术指标方面达到了环保要求。     

An Evaluation of the NIOSH Lifting Equation: A Psychophysical and Biomechanical Investigation

Using the results of psychophysical and biomechanical experiments, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), the Lifting Index (LI), the form of the asymmetry multiplier, and the criterion for compression force were investigated. Analysis of the results indicated a significant difference between the NIOSH RWL and the reported Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (MAWL). Contrary to the NIOSH lifting equation, the form of the asymmetry multiplier was found to be non-linear. The overall average of peak compression force on the L5/S1 was 3685 N. Fifty-eight percent of all compression forces reported in the biomechanical experiment were found to exceed the suggested 3400 N set by NIOSH guidelines. These results support previous research findings on the validity of NIOSH guidelines.     

Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 2. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Factors

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men’s push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women’s push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men’s and women’s pull strength between the horizontal angle (θ) sagittal through the active shoulder (90°) and other angles (0, 45, and 135°). However, for men’s push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45° from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women’s push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0° and angles of 90 and 135°. For men’s and women’s pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (?), 90°, and other angles (–20, 0, and 45°). Similar increases were found for women’s push strength between the 45° angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.