钛基氧化物阳极氧化降解水中2,4-二氯酚

采用热氧化法制备了具有TiO2、RuO2和IrO2涂层的钛基氧化物电极(Ti/TiO2/RuO2/IrO2),并以其为工作电极考察了:①水中2,4-二氯酚(DCP)的循环伏安特性;②pH值、阳极电位和反应时间对阳极氧化降解DCP的影响;③阳极氧化对DCP水溶液可生化性的影响.结果表明,电极的氧化物负载量显著影响DCP的循环伏安特性.较高的介质pH值利于DCP的电化学氧化降解,而低pH值更易导致DCP挥发.低阳极电位下,DCP主要通过阳极直接氧化降解,因受电流密度过低的限制其降解效果较差;高阳极电位下,DCP主要通过阳极间接氧化降解,当阳极电位为1.8V,反应时间为360min时,DCP去除率可达100%,COD的去除超过50%,但能耗较高.COD的检测与紫外-可视光谱曲线表明,DCP的电化学氧化降解过程产生了有机中间体.Ti/TiO2/RuO2/IrO2阳极氧化可显著提高DCP水溶液的可生化性,表明其在氯酚废水预处理或脱毒领域有一定应用潜力.     

Electrochemical disinfection using the gas diffusion electrode system

A study on the electrochemical disinfection with H_2O_2 generated at the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) from active carbon/poly-tetrafluorcethylene was performed in a non-membrane cell. The effects of Pt load and the pore-forming agent content in GDE, and operating conditions were investigated. The experimental results showed that nearly all bacterial cultures inoculated in the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant could be inactivated within 30 min at a current density of 10 mA/cm~2. The disinfection improved with increasing Pt load. Addition of the pore-forming agent NH_4HCO_3 improved the disinfection, while a drop in the pH value resulted in a rapid rise of germicidal efficacy and the disinfection time was shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate. Adsorption was proved to be ineffective in destroying bacteria, while germicidal efficacy increased with current density. The acceleration rate was different, it initially increased with current density. Then decreased, and finally reached a maximum at a current density of 6.7 mA/cm~2. The disinfection also improved with decreasing total bacterial count. The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was approximately the same as in the anode compartment, indicating that the contribution of direct oxidation and the indirect treatment of bacterial cultures by hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H_2O_2.     

电絮凝法去除合并净化槽出水中的磷

对于下水道未普及地区合并净化槽去除氮化合物是有效的,但除磷效果并不理想。为了找出合并净化槽出水深度处理技术,研究采用电化学絮凝法处理合并净化槽出水,实验测定了电流密度、极板间距、通电时间以及电极材料等主要参数对合并净化槽出水中磷的去除率的影响,并确定了采用铝板为电极材料时的最佳除磷条件。结果表明:电流密度、极板间距和通电时间三个作用参数均能影响除磷效果,对合并净化槽出水中磷的去除率最高可以达到100%。在实验范围内,得到以铝板为极板去除合并净化槽出水中磷的最优操作条件为:极板间距2cm,电流密度4mA/cm2,通电时间10min左右。并且根据反应动力学实验证明了电絮凝除磷反应为一级反应,其反应速率常数k=0.2103。因此,电絮凝法能够有效地去除合并净化槽出水中的磷,并且具有实际的推广应用价值。     

高级氧化技术在纺织印染废水处理中的应用

本文较为详细地分析了印染各个工序的废水特性,并就高级氧化技术中BDD电化学氧化法、光催化氧化法、Fenton氧化法、湿式氧化法、超临界水氧化法在纺织印染废水中的应用做了综述,同时重点分析了BDD电极电化学氧化的原理,BDD薄膜电极对染料、农药等有机废水的氧化作用.     

电容电流对供电系统的影响及消除措施

结合单位供电系统现状,对在小电流接地系统中发生接地故障时电弧产生的原理、对供电系统安全的影响及通过消弧线圈进行消除的措施进行了阐述。     

云朝山雷达站10KV线路雷害分析与防雷措施的研究

该文对张家界云朝山雷达站的雷电活动规律、雷害事故和原有防雷措施进行了认真探讨.结合雷电活动选择性原理深入分析该雷达站雷害事故,指出沿10kv线路来的雷电侵入波是造成雷害的主因.针对原防雷措施在对线路入侵波保护、配电变压器防雷、低压电源保护、接地及等电位联接方面存在的薄弱环节,重点阐述高海拔地区10kv线路的防雷关键措施...     

基质浓度·电极距离·离子强度对MFC影响的研究

以宜兰酒厂废水处理厂的污泥为菌种来源,构建单槽无膜无介体空气阴极型微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC),通过添加小同浓度的基质、改变阳极与阴极距离及添加不同浓度的NaCl,分别考察了基质浓度、电极距离、离子强度对MFC性能的影响.研究结果表明,伴随基质COD浓度的增加(从300 mg/L增到...     

碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极测定邻苯二酚的研究

文章借助循环伏安法(CV)研究了邻二苯酚(CAT)在碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(CNTs/GCE)表面的电催化氧化行为.试验结果表明:CNTs/GCE对邻二苯酚的氧化过程表现出良好的催化活性,其响应峰电流与裸GCE相比增加了10倍以上;在最佳响应条件下,在0.25～2.0 mmol/L的浓度范围内,邻苯二酚的催化氧化峰电流与...     

卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果测试及分析

本文通过对卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果进行试验研究,得出不同脉冲参数对除尘器清灰效果的影响。而且,在试验过程中发现该类除尘器在清灰方面存在滤筒各部位清灰不均的现象,为进一步改善和提高卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果,解决其清灰不均的问题,提出了切实有效的解决方法以指导卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的设计及运行。     

Production and contribution of hydroxyl radicals between the DSA anode and water interface

Hydroxyl radicals play the key role during electrochemical oxidation and photoelectrochemical oxidation. The production and e ect of hydroxyl radicals on the interface between DSA anode and water was investigated by examining the quenching e ect of iso-propanol on Orange II decolorization. We observed that with an increase in electrode potential from 4 to 12 V across electrodes at pH 7.0, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals increased dramatically. More OH radicals were produced in acidic and alkaline conditions than at neutral conditions. At electrode potential of 4 V, the contribution percentage of hydroxyl radicals was obviously higher at near neutral pH conditions, while removal e ciency of Orange II achieved was the lowest concurrently. Finally, for photocatalytic oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and photoelectrochemical oxidation using the same DSA electrode, the e ect of hydroxyl radicals proved to be dominant in photocatalytic oxidation but the contribution of hydroxyl radicals was not dominant in electrochemical oxidation, which implies the necessity of UV irradiation for electrochemical oxidation during water treatment.