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241.
F Desiato D Anfossi S Trini Castelli E Ferrero G Tinarelli 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):274
Two Lagrangian particle models, APOLLO and MILORD, were used to simulate the first ETEX experiment. The role played by wind field, mixing height h and horizontal diffusivity KH appeared to be the most important aspects to be studied. The sensitivity to the accuracy of the input advection field was studied through the application of APOLLO using different ECMWF data sets differing in space and time resolution and in being forecasted or analysed, corresponding to the real-time, emergency-like condition, and to the a posteriori benchmark simulation. The role of h and KH was investigated by running both APOLLO and MILORD with different parameterisations, and comparing the model results between them and with the available observations.The model evaluation was carried out through a set of statistical indexes computed on three hourly average concentrations paired in space and time and time-integrated concentrations. It was found that the quality of the input wind field plays a major role in predicting with sufficient accuracy the plume position and extension after the first 24 h from the beginning of the release. The best-model results are obtained with large values of KH (in the range of 2.5×104–4.5×104 m2 s-1), which confirms the need to enhance the horizontal diffusion, in order to include the advection fluctuations unresolved by large-scale meteorological fields. A fixed value of h in the range 1000–1500 m seems to be more efficient than space and time variable h computed with standard algorithms. A reasonable explanation for this result is given, based on the consideration that in the long range, particles diffuse also in the residual layer above the stable nocturnal boundary layer. 相似文献
242.
姜心 《中国安全生产科学技术》2020,16(8):100-105
为了有效预测海上气井环空带压油套管柱潜在失效风险及安全管理环空压力,提出1种基于井口压力、温度和液位多参数监测的海上气井环空带压油套管柱动态安全评价技术。首先,结合气井生产状态参数和完井信息,建立气井井筒压力分布计算方法;然后,根据力学知识分析气井环空带压油套管柱应力场特点,进而提出利用环空带压井油套管柱安全系数作为油套管柱失效评价依据;最终,开发海上气井环空带压安全监测系统并开展现场案例井分析。研究结果表明:监测系统能够准确获取环空带压状态参数,通过环空压力状态变化分析阐述“A”环空带压机理为泄漏点处油套管之间压力平衡的保持;结合实际井口环空压力监测数据,井筒安全系数能够实时表征油套管柱安全状态。 相似文献
243.
为了得到煤层气开采过程中渗透率的准确预测模型,分析了不同泊松比和孔隙压力下的储层孔隙率变化规律,通过理论分析对4种经典渗透率模型进行了比较研究。研究结果表明: P&M模型和C&B模型对泊松比敏感度较小,改进P&M模型和S&D模型对泊松比敏感度较大;改进P&M模型能有效反映渗透率变化趋势,在p<1.4 MPa和p>4.1 MPa时k/k0数值拟合度较高;P&M模型和S&D模型不能准确描述p<1.4 MPa时k/k0变化情况,而在p>1.4MPa时k/k0数值拟合度较高;煤层渗透率随孔隙压力增大表现为“U”型趋势,包含低孔隙压力骤减区、中孔隙压力稳定区和高孔隙压力稳步升高区3个阶段,改进P&M和S&D模型更能表现煤层气渗透率随孔隙压力变化趋势。 相似文献
244.
Mehmet Bilgili 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(12):1048-1056
The operation of modern horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) includes a number of important factors, such as wind power (P), power coefficient (CP), axial flow induction factor (a), rotational speed (Ω), tip speed ratio (λ), and thrust force (T). The aerodynamic qualities of these aspects are evaluated and discussed in this study. For this aim, the measured data are obtained from the Sebenoba Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP) that is located in the Sebenoba region in Hatay, Turkey, and a wind turbine with a capacity of 2 MW is selected for evaluation. According to the results obtained, the maximum turbine power output, maximum power coefficient, maximum axial flow induction factor, maximum thrust force, optimum rotational speed, probability density of optimum rotational speed, and optimum tip speed ratio are found to be 2 MW, 30%, 0.091, 140 kN, 16.11 rpm, 46.76%, and 7, respectively. This study has revealed that wind turbines must work under optimum conditions in order to extract as much energy as possible for approaching the ideal limit. 相似文献
245.
Emotional,physical, and social needs among 0–5‐year‐old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures
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MaryCatherine Arbour Kara A. Murray Hirokazu Yoshikawa Felipe Arriet Cecilia Moraga Miguel Angel Cordero Vega 《Disasters》2017,41(2):365-387
An 8.8‐magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0–5‐year‐old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post‐earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children's emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well‐being and ongoing risks in post‐disaster settings. 相似文献
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以携带质粒pJP4[含编码2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)降解功能的基因片段]的基因工程菌Pseudomonas putida SM1443::gfp2x (pJP4::dsRed)为供体菌,通过半连续流实验研究了质粒基因强化对活性污泥系统的2,4-D的降解效应及菌群结构的影响.结果表明,以初始浓度约为320mg/L的2,4-D为唯一碳源,向活性污泥系统投加携带pJP4质粒的基因工程菌P. putida,运行初期,降解促进作用不明显;随着半连续流反应的进行,促进作用显著增强.与对照系统相比,降解速率之差最高为6.67mg/(L·h).从基因强化系统中筛选到1株占有优势的接合子,经鉴定为Alcaligenes sp.::pJP4. Alcaligenes sp.本身不具备降解2,4-D的能力,获得质粒pJP4后,对2,4-D降解能力大幅度提高,与野生型2,4-D高效降解菌Bacillus sp.相当. PCR-DGGE分析表明,在受到2,4-D冲击条件下基因强化的活性污泥系统较对照系统保持了相对更加稳定的菌群结构. 相似文献
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