Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China

The Cr,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassius auratus Linnaeus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis,which were caught from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,a large,shallow and eutrophic lake of China.The results showed that:(1)the Cr,Cu,Pb,Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion(1994),but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion;(2)Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish,Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish,Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads,Zn contents were the highest in the gonad(♀),and Cu contents were the highest in the liver;(3)the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle.The total metal accumulation was the highest in C.auratus L.This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption,but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯暴露对雄性大鼠生精细胞功能影响

观察不同剂量的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对成年大鼠生精细胞损伤、端粒酶和端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)表达影响.对40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为500mg·kg-1·d-1、250mg·kg-1·d-1、50mg·kg-1·d-1 3个染毒组和1个对照组,灌胃量为5mL·kg-1体重,灌胃法连续给药6周.对体重...     

西南山地铅锌矿区耕地土壤和谷类产品重金属含量及健康风险评价

对西南山地某铅锌矿区耕地土壤（旱地和水田）和主要谷物类产品（小麦、玉米和稻米）进行取样调查,分别测定并分析了土壤和谷物中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As等重金属的含量.同时,通过Nemero综合污染指数评价了矿区耕地土壤的污染状况,并利用MMSOILS风险评价模型评价了食用当地谷物类产品对成人和儿童造成的重金属健康风...     

江西省陆地生态系统氮平衡的时空分布规律研究

利用系统物质平衡模型,对1995-2005年江西省陆地生态系统的N收支平衡进行了核算,并分析了不同来源N收支量的时间序列特征以及N盈余强度的空间分布特征,探讨了自然灾害和政策实施对N平衡的影响.结果表明:江西省陆地生态系统的N输入量变化范围是(155.5-184.2)×107kg·a-1,平均值为168.5 ×107 ...     

国外高绩效人力资源实践：理论回顾、分析与展望

顺应组织发展要求构建有效人力资源管理模式,增强企业的持续竞争力,已经成为战略人力资源管理的热点之一。通过梳理近年来相关研究成果,剖析国外高绩效人力资源实践的概念及其构成。从员工态度和行为、组织资本、组织能力等方面指出高绩效人力资源实践的结果变量。根据实证研究相关文献,梳理高绩效人力资源实践与企业绩效的内在关联性。在此基础上,提出高绩效人力资源实践的未来研究方向,为相关理论和实证研究提供指导。     

可持续发展中的代际关系研究

人类社会的发展是一个世代发展的过程。因此．代际公平是可持续发展的根本所在。根据“代际”一词有不同的理解。“公平”在不同的社会有不同的含义,尤其是对代际公平的含义、原则进行了探讨。代际公平实现的策略是：基于压力-状态-反应的人力资源可持续开发;基于艾奇沃斯方框图分析的自然资源可持续利用;鉴于客观上当代具有优先权,代际之间在环境污染上则采用非合作博弈。     

电化学产电菌的分离及性能评价

利用兼性滚管法分离了折流板空气阴极微生物燃料电池(BAFMFC)A、B两格室的阳极生物膜,共获得19株纯菌.将菌株投加至无菌立方型反应器中,检验其产电特性.利用交流阻抗法测量各纯菌电池的内阻,结果显示38个电池的欧姆内阻为25Ω±5Ω,说明了各电池的产电差异来源于菌株本身的活性.其他运行条件均保持不变,在1000Ω外阻下,7株纯菌电池的输出电压在200mV以上.其中,A格室产电活性最高的菌株(A2)产生的最大电压为328mV,输出的最大功率密度为165.1mW/m2,B格室产电活性最高的菌株(B1)最大电压为241mV,最大功率密度为214.4mW/m2.原子力显微镜和脂肪酸快速鉴定表明,A2为肠杆菌科的杆菌,B1为厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌.     

Historical trends of heavy metal contamination and their sources in lacustrine sediment from Xijiu Lake, Taihu Lake Catchment, China

Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals (HMs), and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.1-47.3 mg/(cm².yr), 2.4-398.1 mg/(cm².yr), and 3.7-110.3 ng/(m².yr), respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels.     

基于REOF方法的辽宁气候舒适度区域特征分析

基于辽宁省50个气象站1964-2008年的气象资料,采用适应东北地区的人体舒适度计算公式及分级标准,得出辽宁省近45年历年人体各舒适度级别日数,使用旋转经验正交分解法(REOF),对辽宁省气候舒适度进行区域划分,并分析了各区域气候舒适度的空间分布特征和变化趋势.结果表明:(1)根据前4个旋转倚载向量场高载荷区分布,将...     

县级城市人居环境主客观指标体系与评价模型对比研究

本文对人居环境相关研究进行了阐述,并就城市人居环境指标体系与评价模型进行了分析研究。提出了人居环境质量主客观评价结合模型,其中指标体系包括四个一级指标和18个单项指标,并依据我国黄河三角洲高效经济区内14个县级城市2007年的调查统计资料,对人居环境客观建设水平和居民满意度进行了对比评价。运用因子分析法处理指标数据,问卷调查的方法进行满意度评价。评价结果科学可行,并揭示出影响县级城市人居环境的根本因素。