IMPACT OF SURFACE COAL MINING ON THREE OHIO WATERSHEDS –PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY1

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted over a six-year period in East-Central Ohio to determine the effects of surface mining and reclamation on physical watershed conditions and on ground-water hydrology in three ground-water zones in three small experimental watersheds. Mining disturbances in watersheds adjacent to the experimental sites affected ground-water levels in the undisturbed experimental watersheds prior to actual mining in the experimental sites. New subsurface flow paths, with different characteristics, formed during mining and reclamation. At all three sites mining dewatered the saturated zone above the underclay of the mined coal seam. Mining and reclamation affected ground-water levels below the mined coal seam in the middle and lower zones within at least two sites. Ground-water level recovery in the mined upper saturated zone was slow and irregular both temporally and spatially after reclamation. Hydraulic conductivities of postmining (Phase 3) spoil were generally greater than those of Phase 1 bedrock, but wide spatial variability was observed. Modelers need to be aware of the complexities of new flow paths and physical characteristics of subsurface flow media that are introduced by mining and reclamation, including destruction of the upper-zone clay.     

金属管件在液压机上用模具弯曲成形方法

介绍了金属管件在液压机上用模具弯曲成形的特点及优缺点。     

触摸屏技术在液压压砖机PLC控制系统中的应用

介绍了触摸屏监视器的特点、功能以及在200t全自动液压压砖机PLC控制系统中的应用。     

岩溶裂隙含水层中石油类污染物的迁移与水力截获

对淄博市岩溶地下水遭受石油类污染的研究结果表明，在石灰岩含水层中，岩溶裂隙的发育对石油类污染物侵入地下水的运移过程具有控制作用，石油类污染物沿岩溶裂隙通道运移，在通道延伸的深部可以有高于浅层的检出，水力截获方法去除地下水中石油类污染物是有效的，但水力截获孔的位置应就近污染物集中检出带布置，尽量远离水源地，并正常运行。     

液力挤压法制备新型钨合金穿甲弹芯材料技术

采用液力挤压法制备新型钨合金穿甲弹芯材料,较常规钨合金材料变形加工技术相比,其最大优势是仅通过一次变形可使钨合金材料的性能得到大幅度提高。可对现役、在研各口径、各长细比钨合金穿甲弹进行技术改造和移植。为钨合金穿甲弹芯材料的变形加工提供新的有效技术途径。     

多隔室厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的水力特性试验研究

对ABR反应器的水力流态进行了示踪剂试验，分析了特征截面面积对ABR水力特性的影响，采用停留时间分布（RTD）法研究了不同进水COD浓度和HRT条件下ABR反应器的水力特性，结果表明：不同进水COD浓度时ABR反应器的RTD曲线相似，表明进水COD浓度不是影响ABR水力特性的主要因素；不同HRT条件下RTD曲线差异很大，表明HRT对ABR的水力特性影响较大，随着水力停留时间的延长，Ⅳ值增大，1／Pe减小，ABR的流态趋于推流流态，随着HRT的缩短，Ⅳ值减小，1／Pe数增大，ABR反应器趋于完全混合流态。     

Environmental Impact of Undular Tidal Bores in Tropical Rivers

A tidal bore impacts significantly on the estuarine ecosystem, although little is known on the flow field, mixing and sediment motion beneath tidal bores. In the absence of detailed systematic field measurements, a quasi-steady flow analogy was applied to investigate undular tidal bores with inflow Froude numbers between 1.25 and 1.6. Experimental results indicated that rapid flow redistributions occur beneath the free-surface undulations, with significant variations in bed shear stress between wave crests and troughs. Dynamic similarity was used to predict detailed flow characteristics of undular tidal bores. The effects of periodic loading on river sediments, scour of river bed and flow mixing behind the bore are discussed. A better understanding of these processes will contribute to better management practices in tidal bore affected rivers, including the Styx and Daly rivers in tropical Australia.     

Development of an Earthen Dam Break Database

Earthen embankment dams comprise 85% of all major operational dams in the United States. Assessment of peak flow rates for these earthen dams and the impacts on dam failure are of high interest to engineers and planners. Regression analysis is a frequently used risk assessment approach for earthen dams. In this paper, we present a decision support tool for assessing the applicability of nine regression equations commonly used by practitioners. Using data from 108 case studies, six parameters were observed to be significant factors predicting for peak flow as a metric for risk analysis. We present our work on an expanded earthen dam break database that relates the regression equations and underlying data. A web application, regression selection tool, is also presented to assess the appropriateness of a given model for a given test point. This graphical display allows users to visualize how their data point compares with the data used for the regression equation. These contributions improve estimates and better inform decision makers regarding operational and safety decisions.     

飞机典型液压管路系统减振优化计算方法研究

目的研究管道走向和卡箍位置对管道应力的影响。方法以飞机典型液压管路系统为优化对象,对管路系统及支持结构进行动力学参数化建模,使用MATLAB和MSC.NASTRAN构筑基于遗传算法的自动减振优化计算平台,以管壁结构和飞机支持结构的动态应力响应最小为优化目标,对管路走向(包括拐折位置、曲率半径)、卡箍位置进行优化计算,从而建立一种飞机管路系统设计中的自动减振优化计算方法。结果使用建立的减振优化计算平台优化计算设计后,飞机典型液压管路系统最大动态应力值降低了50%。结论提供的优化方法能够有效地通过优化管道布置参数降低应力水平。     

石油污染对土壤水分特性的影响

陕北是石油工业的发祥地,在石油大规模开采运输过程中,不可避免会造成石油的泄露倾洒,从而对土壤和地下水造成一定程度的污染。为了探讨陕北地区石油污染对土壤水分特性的影响,以3种不同土质土壤(塿土、黄绵土和风沙土)为研究对象,开展了3种土壤在4个不同污染梯度(0.5%、1%、2%和4%)下的土壤润湿性试验和饱和导水率实验,同时以清洁土壤作为对照。结果表明:当土壤受石油污染时,会引起其润湿性发生变化,产生一定程度的斥水性,该变化在风沙土上表现尤为明显;石油污染使3种土壤的饱和导水率均随着污染浓度的增大而呈现下降趋势,饱和导水率虽有降低,但是对于同一土质的土壤来说,均在一个数量级内。