大连市酸雨污染现状及防治措施

近年来大连市的酸雨污染呈逐年加重趋势,根据2010年酸雨监测的结果,从酸雨频率、酸雨分布及离子组成三方面对大连市酸雨污染的现状进行了简要概述,并根据大连市的实际情况提出了酸雨污染的防治措施。     

Investigation on mechanism of phosphate removal on carbonized sludge adsorbent

For the removal of phosphate (PO₄^3 -) from water, an adsorbent was prepared via carbonization of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant: carbonized sludge adsorbent (CSA). The mechanism of phosphate removal was determined after studying the structure and chemical properties of the CSA and its influence on phosphate removal. The results demonstrate that phosphate adsorption by the CSA can be fitted with the pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the adsorption is single molecular layer adsorption dominated by chemical reaction. The active sites binding phosphate on the surface are composed of mineral particles containing Si/Ca/Al/Fe. The mineral containing Ca, calcite, is the main factor responsible for phosphate removal. The phosphate removal mechanism is a complex process including crystallization via the interaction between Ca^2 + and PO₄^3 -; formation of precipitates of Ca^2 +, Al^3 +, and PO₄^3 -; and adsorption of PO₄^3 - on some recalcitrant oxides composed of Si/Al/Fe.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.     

用钢管酸洗废水生产聚合硫酸铁技术的研究和应用

为了解决钢管酸洗废水污染环境和浪费资源难题,可用其生产聚合硫酸铁,从而实现循环经济。采用蒸发浓缩和催化聚合反应实现聚合硫酸铁的生成。其产品质量达《净水剂聚合硫酸铁》标准,可作为絮凝剂使用。研究和实践证明,用钢管酸洗废水制备聚合硫酸铁是可行的,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益,值得推广。     

硫酸系统水平衡分析计算和生产实践

在硫酸系统中,通过水平衡分析计算烟气带入净化工序的SO2体积分数和含水量,确定净化工序的能力,控制干燥塔进口烟气温度,使干吸工序生产出合格产品;通过计算,烟气带入净化工序的水量小于产品带出的水量,制酸净化污水经过污水处理工序处理后返回到净化工序重复使用,实现净化污水零排放,消除对环境的污染.     

承德市降水化学特性分析

分析了我市五年来酸雨化学特性和发展趋势,指出了酸雨的主要来源和控制酸雨产生的措施。     

铬酸钡分光光度法和间接原子吸收法测定水中硫酸盐的比较

目的比较铬酸钡分光光度法和间接原子吸收法测定水中硫酸盐的异同。方法比较两种方法的标准曲线和回收率,并对12份地下水和地表水（硫酸盐浓度大于10.0 mg.L-1）分别用两种方法分析。同时进行两种方法精密度和准确度比较。结果两种方法的相关系数均大于0.999,回收率均满足分析要求。进行12份水样测定结果的配对t检验,t=0.13,P﹥0.05。对于10.0 mg.L-1的合成水样,铬酸钡法分光光度法测定相对误差为9.0%,而间接原子吸收法测定相对误差为0.4%。结论铬酸钡分光光度法在测定低浓度硫酸盐时,准确度和灵敏度较间接原子吸收法低,而大于10 mg/L时,两种方法都能得到较好的准确度和灵敏度。     

宁波市区近十年酸雨污染趋势分析

采用2001-2010年宁波市区降水监测数据,对宁波市区的酸雨污染现状及2001年以来的变化趋势分析,结果表明:酸雨频率居高不下,且降水酸度并未减弱,宁波市区酸雨的污染类型处于硫酸型向硫酸与硝酸混合型转变的过渡期。并根据宁波市区实际情况提出相应防治对策。     

高锰酸盐指数一酸性法空白质量控制研究

常规监测高锰酸盐指数-酸性法,通过对高锰酸盐指数空白测试与检测限、空白质控图、空白加标回收率进行测试研究,可以得到理想的监测结果。     

采用Anammox颗料污泥工艺对酵母废水进行脱氮处理的研究

本实验采用先进的厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）颗粒污泥工艺对某酵母厂的二沉出水进行了毒性实验与连续流实验。毒性实验结果表明该类废水对Anammox细菌有一定的抑制作用,但没有影响最终的0去除效果;而近一介半月的连续流实验数据则表明：在进水氨氮浓度300-360mg／1的情况下,污泥负荷与容积负荷可以稳定地上升,出水氨氮在50mg／l以下,亚硝酸盐氮维持在5mg／1左右,氨氮去除率可达80％以上。