矿山斜井轨道运输跑车事故风险分析

本应用风险分析方法中的事故树分析法，对矿山斜井轨道运输跑车事故发生的原因进行分析，并在此基础上进行风险评价。根据现实的各种约束，提出了可行的消除危险或减小风险的安全建议和措施。在机械设备运行阶段能够最大限度地保护操作，使设备系统达到可接受的最高安全水平。     

水质自动监测系统中工控机的维护技术

北京晟德瑞公司组装的工控机被广泛应用在水质自动监测系统中,发挥了很大优势,由于能自动连续运行并可无人执守,能显示流程标识,帮助解决各种故障问题。在水质自动监测系统的运行中起到了重要作用。如何维护好工控机的软件、硬件及相关的设备成为技术维护的重要组成部分。     

Investigation of accidents involving powered two wheelers and bicycles – A European in-depth study

Introduction: The number of road fatalities have been falling throughout the European Union (EU) over the past 20 years and most Member States have achieved an overall reduction. Research has mainly focused on protecting car occupants, with car occupant fatalities reducing significantly. However, recently there has been a plateauing in fatalities amongst ‘Vulnerable Road Users’ (VRUs), and in 2016 accidents involving VRUs accounted for nearly half of all EU road deaths. Method: The SaferWheels study collected in-depth data on 500 accidents involving Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) and bicycles across six European countries. A standard in-depth accident investigation methodology was used by each team. The Driver Reliability and Error Analysis Method (DREAM) was used to systematically classify accident causation factors. Results: The most common causal factors related to errors in observation by the PTW/bicycle rider or the driver of the other vehicle, typically called ‘looked but failed to see’ accidents. Common scenarios involved the other vehicle turning or crossing in front of the PTW/bicycle. A quarter of serious or fatal injuries to PTW riders occurred in accidents where the rider lost control with no other vehicle involvement. Conclusions: Highly detailed data have been collected for 500 accidents involving PTWs or bicycles in the EU. These data can be further analyzed by researchers on a case-study basis to gain detailed insights on such accidents. Preliminary analysis suggests that ‘looked but failed to see’ remains a common cause, and in many cases the actions of the other vehicle were the critical factor, though PTW rider speed or inexperience played a role in some cases. Practical Applications: The collected data can be analyzed to better understand the characteristics and causes of accidents involving PTWs and bicycles in the EU. The results can be used to develop policies aimed at reducing road deaths and injuries to VRUs.     

基于施工环境负荷的施工环境因素的识别与控制

为了减少施工阶段环境污染,推行绿色施工,本文提出了施工环境负荷来量化和比较施工操作对环境的影响程度,从而识别施工阶段的重要环境因素并对重要环境因素制定了相应的控制对策。     

Need for adaptation: transformation of temporary houses

Building permanent accommodation after a disaster takes time for reasons including the removal of debris, the lack of available land, and the procurement of resources. In the period in‐between, affected communities find shelter in different ways. Temporary houses or transitional shelters are used when families cannot return to their pre‐disaster homes and no other alternative can be provided. In practice, families stay in a standard interim solution for months or even years while trying to return to their routines. Consequently, they adapt their houses to meet their midterm needs. This study analysed temporary houses in Chile and Peru to illustrate how families modify them with or without external support. The paper underlines that guidance must be given on how to alter them safely and on how to incorporate the temporary solution into the permanent structure, because families adapt their houses whether or not they are so designed.     

厚软场地的地震动特征及设计反应谱研究

根据场地土层静、动力性能参数的原位测试和动三轴试验结果,进行厚软场地土层地震反应分析,研究厚软场地的地震动效应及地震动特性,并结合工程实例讨论了对应不同地震设防水平(50年超越概率63%、10%和3%)厚软场地的设计反应谱,分析了现行规范设计反应谱应用的局限性,成果对相关工程也有借鉴作用。     

人工封育区沙化草地植被生态位研究

采用样线和样方结合法对宁夏人工封育草原进行野外调查,运用重要值、Levins生态宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数对封育外围区、边缘区、核心区3种不同措施下的植物生态位宽度及生态位重叠进行分析,以揭示人工封育区沙化草地植被生态位变化规律。结果表明：在整个人工封育区,重要值之和较大的为黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica Krasch.）和刺沙蓬（Salsolaruthenica IIjin.）,分别为689.53、455.83。外围区与边缘区生态位宽度最大的均为黑沙蒿,生态位宽度分别为0.846、0.790,核心区生态位宽度最大的是阿尔泰狗娃花（Heteropappus altaicus（Willd.）Novopokr.）,生态位宽度为0.640,是人工封育区的优势种。生态位重叠计测结果表明,植被的生态位宽度和生态位重叠并不存在直接的线性关系;生态位重叠度平均值和重叠对百分数表现为外围区〉核心区〉边缘区。不同封育措施间生态位宽度和生态位重叠度的差异表明适度封育有利于草地植被恢复,但随着封育时间延长,植物的再生和幼苗的形成会受到一定程度抑制。     

基于风险的特种设备使用单位分类监管应用研究

为提高特种设备安全监管效率,缓解设备数量增长与监察力量不足之间的矛盾,基于风险管理理论,提出在风险评价的基础上对特种设备使用单位实施分类监管。在前期特种设备使用单位风险评价体系研究的基础上,结合2011年、2012年的试点应用情况,对风险评价体系的具体评价流程、结果及科学合理性进行了研究。结果表明:C类使用单位的数量依然占据近一半的数量,需引起监管部门的高度重视;同时验证了风险评价体系科学合理、可操作性强,能够有效指导全国分类监管工作的开展。     

Changing tracks as situations change: humanitarian and health response along the Liberia–Côte d'Ivoire border

In recent years, protracted crises and fragile post‐conflict settings have challenged the co‐existence, and even the linear continuum, of relief and development aid. Forced migration has tested humanitarian and development paradigms where sudden‐onset emergencies, violence and displacement arise alongside ongoing development work. Drawing on Médecins Sans Frontières interventions in the region from December 2010 to May 2011, this paper examines aid and healthcare responses to displacement in Côte d'Ivoire and Liberia; it focuses on challenges to the maintenance of preparedness for such foreseeable emergencies and to adaptation in response to changing situations of displacement and insecurity. This ‘backsliding’ from development to emergency remains a substantial challenge to aid; yet, in exactly such cases, it also presents the opportunity to ensure access to medical care that is much more urgently needed in times of crisis, including the suspension of user fees for medical care.     

Echo Chambers of Denial: Explaining User Comments on Climate Change

Although there is a broad consensus among scientists and journalists about the existence of anthropogenic climate change as a global problem, some segments of the population remain doubtful about the human impact on it. The internet provides citizens with opportunities to publicly voice their doubts and user comment sections of online media are a popular form of user-generated content. This study identifies factors that foster comments that are sceptical or supportive of basic assumptions of anthropogenic climate change, drawing on online news in the US, the UK, Germany, India, and Switzerland. The results show that users adapt to the dominant opinion within the respective media outlet: user comment sections serve as echo chambers rather than as corrective mechanisms. Climate change denial is more visible in user comment sections in countries where the climate change debate reflects the scientific consensus on climate change and user comments create niches of denial.