基于UBmap/AHP/FAST的医院建筑火灾应急避难装置设计

为提高医院火灾应急避难能力,针对医院住院楼建筑,设计一款在火灾下能及时进行应急避难、安全逃脱的装置产品。集合用户行为地图（UBmap）、层次分析法（AHP）、功能分析系统技术法（FAST）,融入整体设计构架中,探究应急避难装置产品的用户需求以及相关产品设计要素。将医院住院楼建筑环境特点及患者人群对火灾的逃生行为过程融入UBmap中,构建行为旅程图,推测并提取各个阶段需求指标;再通过AHP/FAST聚合方法,对需求指标进行重要度排序,并转化为主次功能进行分析求解,以此推断产品设计定位与功能逻辑的准确性,完成设计方案生产。综合UBmap/AHP/FAST为依据的理论模型,运用到医院住院楼建筑火灾下的避难装置设计开发流程中,并运用ANSYS Workbench软件有限元分析方案,进一步验证校核该设计的整体装置强度与可行性。结果表明：将不同的方法融合分析,系统性地对产品展开分析设计与实现且进行仿真检验,减少设计过程中的薄弱环节与不确定性问题,能够使设计更具系统性与科学性,达到降低避难装置的生产成本、实现安全效率化、防灾减灾的目标。     

九龙江河口区主要污染物时空变化特征

根据九龙江河口区近30年的历史监测资料和2010年2个航次的现场调查资料,分析了该海域表层海水中无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(DIP)、化学耗氧量(COD)和石油类浓度的年际变化特征和平面分布变化特征,并应用富营养状态指数(EI)对海水水质进行评价与分析.结果表明,近30年,DIN、DIP年均浓度持续上升,COD年均浓度呈“W”状小幅波动趋势,石油类年均浓度先缓慢增加再降低;DIN浓度平面分布呈由西至东递减的特征,不同年份的DIP浓度平面分布有所差别,而COD和石油类浓度平面分布呈由湾内、西海域向湾外递减的趋势;海水EI呈不断加速升高的趋势,海水水质富营养化程度急剧恶化;受九龙江径流影响,高富营养化海域主要分布在九龙江北、中、南港和南溪入海口附近.所得的主要污染物浓度年际变化特征和平面分布变化特征等将为实施入海污染物总量控制奠定坚实基础.     

基于人类压力指数的粤港澳大湾区湿地资源分布与重要湿地识别

粤港澳大湾区拥有丰富的湿地资源,但正面临人类活动造成的环境胁迫。基于人类压力指数,结合空间自相关方法,探究大湾区湿地分布与人类压力的空间关系,以此识别出具有重要意义的湿地。结果表明：（1）大湾区湿地较多分布在珠江西岸,而城市内部的湿地较稀缺;人类压力在城际、城内各有差异,珠江东岸较西岸高;湿地分布、人类压力在空间上均具相关性。（2）筛选后的空间聚类类型对应着不同类型的湿地：重要湿地、潜在的重要湿地、非重要湿地。（3）重要湿地,人类压力较高,主要分布在城市建成区及其周边地区,需同时发挥生态和景观效益;潜在的重要湿地,人类压力较低,多分布在珠江入海口及珠江西岸;非重要湿地,零散分布在各地,容易消失。研究结论为探究人类压力影响下的湿地演变奠定基础,为保护利用湿地提供应用参考。     

Toward a Management Framework for Networks of Protected Areas in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract: Networks of sites of high importance for conservation of biological diversity are a cornerstone of current conservation strategies but are fixed in space and time. As climate change progresses, substantial shifts in species’ ranges may transform the ecological community that can be supported at a given site. Thus, some species in an existing network may not be protected in the future or may be protected only if they can move to sites that in future provide suitable conditions. We developed an approach to determine appropriate climate‐change adaptation strategies for individual sites within a network that was based on projections of future changes in the relative proportions of emigrants (species for which a site becomes climatically unsuitable), colonists (species for which a site becomes climatically suitable), and persistent species (species able to remain within a site despite the climatic change). Our approach also identifies key regions where additions to a network could enhance its future effectiveness. Using the sub‐Saharan African Important Bird Area (IBA) network as a case study, we found that appropriate conservation strategies for individual sites varied widely across sub‐Saharan Africa, and key regions where new sites could help increase network robustness varied in space and time. Although these results highlight the potential difficulties within any planning framework that seeks to address climate‐change adaptation needs, they demonstrate that such planning frameworks are necessary, if current conservation strategies are to be adapted effectively, and feasible, if applied judiciously.     

论粉煤灰的资源化利用

粉煤灰是结晶体、玻璃体及少量未燃碳组成的一个复合结构的混合体,是新发现的、数量巨大的、非常重要的矿产资源。资源化利用粉煤灰,既能够化解粉煤灰所带来的环境问题,又能够将其作为一个新兴的资源加以开发,制作多种实用性产品,符合中国可持续发展战略和节能减排的要求。     

石化园区规划环评指标体系及评价重点初探——以广东省某石化工业区为例

由于石化园区规划涉及环境问题广泛、复杂,因此,在开展规划环评过程中需要着重关注的内容与其他园区的环评侧重点有所区别。本文以某石化固区规划环评为例,根据石化园区的行业特点,在总结国内相关研究的基础上,提出了适合该石化园区的规划环境影响指标体系和规划环评中应重点关注的问题。     

试论以用户为核心的地震科技信息服务

论述了以用户为核心开展地震科技信息服务的新思路，结合实际工作探讨了提高地震科技信息服务质量的方法。     

Air Pollution Estimates in Guadalajara City

A method for estimating the impact of industrial emissions is suggested and applied to the Guadalajara City Metropolitan Area (GCMA). The method is based on solutions to the pollution transport model and its adjoint. Two equivalent direct and adjoint mean pollution concentration estimates are considered for ecologically important zones of the GCMA. The dependence of these estimates on the number, positions and emission rates of industrial plants, as well as on the wind and initial pollution distribution in the GCMA is qualitatively and quantitatively examined. It is shown that the adjoint model solutions serve as the influence functions providing valuable information on the role of each of the industrial plants in polluting different zones within the GCMA. These solutions have been calculated with a balanced and absolutely stable second-order finite-difference scheme based on the splitting method. A method for an optimal allocation of a new industrial plant is considered.     

新中国成立至改革开放前我国应对海洋灾害的实践及启示

梳理和总结新中国初期我国应对海洋灾害的实践,有助于我们了解海洋灾害的应对措施并为当今提供借鉴。通过对我国海洋灾害史料的分析和总结,得知从新中国成立至改革开放前这一时期内,"防重于救"是我国应对海洋灾害的的主要指导思想,在海洋灾害预测预警、建设防护性工程、群众自救和政府辅以必要救济等方面发挥了重要作用,并为之后我国应对海洋灾害打下了一定基础。