基于C/S/S+B/W/S/S混合模型安全系统的分析与设计

随着信息系统规模的不断扩大和互联网技术的发展,多层体系结构B/W/S/S,C/S/S应运而生,在综合分析了B/W/S/S结构和C/S/S结构的基础上,以C/S/S结构为系统管理核心,由网络管理服务集、网络管理协议平台组成了一种B/W/S/S,C/S/S混合结构信息系统模式。为解决该混合结构信息系统的安全性问题,笔者提出了将防火墙和强用户认证机制相结合的方案。由于防火墙的主要防范目标是来自于外部网络的攻击,对于自己内部网络却基本上不采取什么安全措施。当内网用户远程登录系统时,通过强身份认证系统进行有效的身份验证,可以补充防火墙在安全防范方面的不足,有效地保障了网络信息系统的安全性。     

A MODEL FOR ACHIEVING CONSISTENCY FOR COST SHARING IN WATER RESOURCE PROGRAMS1

ABSTRACT: Three basic principles of responsibility have influenced the Federal/non-Federal cost sharing rates for water resources programs (1) full payment by beneficiaries (2) exclusive Federal assumption of costs and (3) joint Federal/non-Federal sharing. The efforts to determine appropriate cost sharing rates have resulted in several hundred complex arrangements involving contributions, user charges and direct sales based on many variations of payment terms. This basic present value model was developed to determine the non-Federal cost shares which are expected to be paid for 32 different functional purposes emanating from Federal water resources programs and projects for both implementation and OMR stages. The model introduces the concept of a composite (implementation plus OMR) cost share as a focus developing appropriate cost sharing rates for the private, public and mixed outputs produced through public water resources investments. The model can be used as a focus for policy decisions on cost sharing which seek to achieve consistent and equitable cost shares for purposes provided while maintaining an efficient allocation of resources within water programs.     

长白山北坡亚高山云冷杉林的植物种类组成及重要值

采用典型抽样方法，对长白山北坡不同海拔高度带云冷杉林的植物种类组成及重要值进行了初步研究。结果表明，长白山北坡不同海拔高度带云冷杉林的建群种均为臭松、鱼鳞云杉，主要伴生树种有红松、红皮云杉、长白赤松、长白落叶松及岳桦。根据主要伴生树种在各云冷杉林群落的重要值，长白山北坡的云冷杉林可分为三类，即分布于海拔1290m左右的红松云冷杉林，分布于海拔1500m附近的典型云冷杉林及分布于海拔1680m周围直到1820m的岳桦云冷杉林。组成长白山北坡各类云冷杉林的种子植物和蕨类植物共计109种，分属43科88属，其中乔木植物15种，灌木层植物21种，草本植物73种。在所有灌木层和草本层植物中，既有广泛分布于各海拔带云冷杉林中的种类，也有仅限于某一云冷杉林类型中的种类。草本植物的主要组成种类以北方泰加林的常见种为主。     

Toward a Management Framework for Networks of Protected Areas in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract: Networks of sites of high importance for conservation of biological diversity are a cornerstone of current conservation strategies but are fixed in space and time. As climate change progresses, substantial shifts in species’ ranges may transform the ecological community that can be supported at a given site. Thus, some species in an existing network may not be protected in the future or may be protected only if they can move to sites that in future provide suitable conditions. We developed an approach to determine appropriate climate‐change adaptation strategies for individual sites within a network that was based on projections of future changes in the relative proportions of emigrants (species for which a site becomes climatically unsuitable), colonists (species for which a site becomes climatically suitable), and persistent species (species able to remain within a site despite the climatic change). Our approach also identifies key regions where additions to a network could enhance its future effectiveness. Using the sub‐Saharan African Important Bird Area (IBA) network as a case study, we found that appropriate conservation strategies for individual sites varied widely across sub‐Saharan Africa, and key regions where new sites could help increase network robustness varied in space and time. Although these results highlight the potential difficulties within any planning framework that seeks to address climate‐change adaptation needs, they demonstrate that such planning frameworks are necessary, if current conservation strategies are to be adapted effectively, and feasible, if applied judiciously.     

试论以用户为核心的地震科技信息服务

论述了以用户为核心开展地震科技信息服务的新思路，结合实际工作探讨了提高地震科技信息服务质量的方法。     

LNG储罐火灾和爆炸事故树分析

对引起液化天然气储罐发生火灾、爆炸的因素进行系统分析,建立以LNG储罐火灾、爆炸为顶事件的事故树,并进行事故树分析,得到影响顶事件的各阶最小割集。利用二次计算的方法,更加精确地计算底事件的结构重要度系数,确定了影响储罐事故的主要因素,为提高LNG储罐的安全性和运行可靠性,提出相应的改进措施。     

A VESSEL LICENSING FEE AS AN ALTERNATIVE PROPOSAL FOR A DEEP DRAFT WATERWAY USER CHARGE1

ABSTRACT: Congress, with the support of the Reagan Administration, is considering the imposition of a user fee on deep draft waterways and ports. Two major bills emerged in the 98th Congress and proposes a tax on import-export value while the other proposes a tax on import-export tonnage. This paper proposes and discusses another user fee alternative, a vessel licensing system. It outlines the advantages of such a fee system under a set of assumed objectives and discusses the range of possible license charge levels under a cost recovery target of $250 million.     

论粉煤灰的资源化利用

粉煤灰是结晶体、玻璃体及少量未燃碳组成的一个复合结构的混合体,是新发现的、数量巨大的、非常重要的矿产资源。资源化利用粉煤灰,既能够化解粉煤灰所带来的环境问题,又能够将其作为一个新兴的资源加以开发,制作多种实用性产品,符合中国可持续发展战略和节能减排的要求。     

石化园区规划环评指标体系及评价重点初探——以广东省某石化工业区为例

由于石化园区规划涉及环境问题广泛、复杂,因此,在开展规划环评过程中需要着重关注的内容与其他园区的环评侧重点有所区别。本文以某石化固区规划环评为例,根据石化园区的行业特点,在总结国内相关研究的基础上,提出了适合该石化园区的规划环境影响指标体系和规划环评中应重点关注的问题。     

新中国成立至改革开放前我国应对海洋灾害的实践及启示

梳理和总结新中国初期我国应对海洋灾害的实践,有助于我们了解海洋灾害的应对措施并为当今提供借鉴。通过对我国海洋灾害史料的分析和总结,得知从新中国成立至改革开放前这一时期内,"防重于救"是我国应对海洋灾害的的主要指导思想,在海洋灾害预测预警、建设防护性工程、群众自救和政府辅以必要救济等方面发挥了重要作用,并为之后我国应对海洋灾害打下了一定基础。