中小燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘降噪工程实践

本文提出了结合我国国情,应采用价宜、实用、效高、稳定、易操作、无二次污染的湿式脱硫除尘装置进行综合治理的主张,并系统阐述了在四川省成都市区内一单位四台燃煤小锅炉脱硫除尘防噪工程的成功实践,证实了上述主张的可行性。     

以预防为主,综合防御地震灾害

本文在分析我国防震减灾主要途径的基础上,提出了现阶段防震减灾要贯彻“以预防为主,综合防御地震灾害”的工作思路。论述了综合防御的主要工作环节,根据分区分类指导的原则,防震减灾工作的重点应是全国重点地震监视防御区。     

THE EFFECTS OF MINE ACID ON THE POND RIVER WATERSHED IN WESTERN KENTUCKY1

ABSTRACT: H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) is formed by a chemical process that occurs in unreclaimed coal mines. The highly toxic acid then flows into the lower swamp areas where it causes considerable damage to the ecosystem. The major effect of the acid is the mass destruction of thousands of trees and various other phreatophytic plants. The contamination is so serious that most of the wildlife has migrated out of the affected area of the swamp in order to survive. Certain geological features such as coal bearing monadanocks make the area somewhat sensitive to mining activities and related geologic hazards. New methods of mine acid abatement make the concept of mass reclamation more realistic than at any time in the past. The constant annihilation of swamp life and processes emphasizes the urgent need for reclamation of the swamp.     

MONTANA'S EXPERIENCE IN RESERVING YELLOWSTONE RIVER WATER FOR INSTREAM BENEFICIAL USES - LEGAL FRAMEWORK1

ABSTRACT: The Yellowstone River historically has produced an ample supply of high quality water which is widely used for irrigation, municipal and industrial purposes, recreation, and fish and wildlife. Recently, energy companies have attempted to obtain water rights in the Yellowstone basin for energy conversion facilities in coal-rich southeastern Montana. Existing users fear that energy diversions will impair their rights, preclude expansion of present beneficial users, degrade water quality, and adversely effect fish and aquatic life. In response to these concerns, the Montana Legislature enacted several laws to regulate water appropriations in the Yellowstone River basin, including means by which state and federal agencies could apply for reservations of water for future beneficial uses. Thereafter, both the Montana Fish and Game Commission and the State Water Quality Bureau formally requested relatively large instream flows to protect fish and wildlife and to maintain water quality. This paper describes Montana's experience through December of 1977 with the administration of water in the Yellowstone basin under these laws; emphasis is placed on the major requests for instream flows. The final resolution of the reservation applications, and the related ramifications, will be discussed in a future paper.     

轻轨交通噪声分析和控制对策

在参阅大量国内外技术资料基础上，通过轻轨交通噪声的来源、特征等系统的分析和总结，对其控制对策尤其是声屏障技术的现状和发展进行了探讨，为我国轻轨交通噪声的研究分析和控制防治提供一定借鉴。     

东北老工业基地振兴中的环境保护

本文阐述了环境保护在推进东北老工业基地振兴中的监督与服务工作。     

航天发射场常规液体推进剂作业危险性评估

根据航天发射场常规液体推进剂作业实际情况,利用“日本劳动省化工安全定量评价法”和“蒙德火灾爆炸毒性指标评价法”,对推进剂各作业单元的危险性进行了评估,为实施防护提供了科学的理论依据。     

Electrochemical or UV-photochemical oxidation of industrial wastes containing polar aromatic sulphonates

BACKGROUND AND INTENTION: Aromatic sulphonates other than surfactants and their hydroxy and amino-derivatives are important intermediates for the production of azo dyes. Their production on a large scale can be detrimental for the environment, if the by-products of their synthesis are not disposed of appropriately. An industrial waste, the organic components of which were mainly amino and hydroxy-substituted aromatic sulphonates, seriously endangers the environment close to an dismissed Italian industrial site. Inorganic sulphates and chlorides contained in the waste seriously hinder its disposal by incineration, since they corrode furnace walls. In this work, preliminary exploration of aqueous-phase electrochemically and photochemically induced oxidation techniques have been performed as possible alternatives to incineration. METHODS: Electrochemically-induced oxidation was experimented on individual aromatic sulphonates and on an industrial waste by electrolysing them between smooth platinum electrodes at low temperature (5 degrees C) and high current densities (0.4 A/cm2) with aqueous 0.5 M NaHSO4 electrolyte. Photochemically-induced oxidation was performed by irradiating individual aromatic sulphonates or industrial waste with a 500 W mercury lamp in the presence of sodium peroxydisulphate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After 200 min electrodegradation, 90% of the original compounds disappeared, while 50% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of an industrial waste was removed from solution after 10 hours. After 180 min UV-photodegradation, 90% of two test aromatic sulphonates disappeared, while 65% of TOC of industrial waste was removed after 5 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Two methods, electrochemical and UV-persulphate oxidation of an industrial waste, were used in order to propose a disposal procedure alternative to incineration. Electrodegradation with smooth Pt anode in 0.5 M NaHSO4 at 5 degrees C halved TOC concentration within 10 hours, while persulphate-assisted UV-photochemical oxidation with a 500 W high pressure Hg lamp abated two-thirds of TOC concentration after 5 hours. Energetic consumption of electrodegradation was 0.33 kWh/g TOC, while that of photooxidation was larger than 2 kWh/g TOC. Although both techniques can be considered efficient from a purely chemical point of view, since both are capable of wet-oxidising the aromatic sulphonates and the industrial waste, electrodegradation seems more promising than a photochemical degradation if economical considerations are also taken into account. Considering also that neither cell design nor catalyst were optimised in this preliminary study, the energy yield of electrodegradation seems likely to be largely improved.     

从多侧面评估地震灾害的产业关联间接经济损失

以投入产出分析方法作为基本数学分析工具,从机会损失的角度,对地震灾害产业关联间接经济损失从四个不同的侧面进行评估,并提出了相应的评估模型．     

不稳定边坡治理方案的多层次模糊综合群决策

不稳定边坡治理方案的选择经常涉及到的是可行域为有限集的多层次模糊综合群决策问题。本文基于边坡工程知识,构造了不稳定边坡治理方案的评判指标层次结构,应用系统工程、模糊数学等知识,建立了不稳定边坡治理方案的多层次模糊综合群决策模型,从而使不稳定边坡治理方案选择更趋合理、科学。