The derivation of radionuclide transfer parameters for and dose-rates to an adult ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in an Arctic environment

Radionuclide transfer parameters and dose-rates for an adult ringed seal from Svalbard have been determined based on empirical and estimated tissue activity concentrations and detailed dietary and habitat information. Whole-body equivalent concentration factors determined for anthropogenic radionuclides ranged from 10(1) ((90)Sr) to 10(2) ((137)Cs, (238)Pu and (239,240)Pu), while natural radionuclides ranged from 10(2) ((210)Pb) to 10(4) ((210)Po). Employing a dietary composition of 40% fish, 40% zooplankton and 20% benthic invertebrates, a whole-body biological half-life of 29 days was derived for (137)Cs. A total dose-rate of approximately 0.19microGyh(-1) (1.7mGya(-1)) was derived for an adult ringed seal; this dose-rate is virtually entirely attributable to the internal components of (210)Po and (40)K. The dose-rates associated with the presence of anthropogenically derived radionuclides in the present assessment fall many orders of magnitude below the dose-rates at which any biological effects would be expected.     

不同物料堆肥富里酸的结构特征的研究

通过三维荧光平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）和二维相关光谱（2DCOS）分析了富含木质纤维素类物料（果蔬废物和杂草废物）和富含木质素类物料（秸秆废物和园林修剪废物）堆肥形成的富里酸的结构和组成.结果显示，两类堆肥物料形成的富里酸结构差异显著.虽然两类物料的荧光组分含量及变化基本相似，但是特征官能团与其荧光组分的变化顺序却不同.富含木质纤维素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中类酪氨酸和类色氨酸先于芳环形成，而富含木质素类物料堆肥形成的富里酸中芳环先于类酪氨酸和类色氨酸.并且，研究发现在堆肥高温期和腐熟期，富里酸的芳环含量在木质纤维类和木质类物料中分别增加了约10%和5%，脂肪族的含量分别下降了约10%和6%，说明堆肥过程中富里酸结构中脂肪族逐渐降解并伴随其芳香性逐渐增加；结构方程模型结果表明，类富里酸、脂肪族基团和羧基是富里酸中芳环形成的关键组分.本文研究结果可为明确堆肥过程中富里酸的形成提供理论基础.     

Altered levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein proteases in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are leading causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Many studies have found association between low levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) proteases in the first trimester maternal circulation and the risk of subsequent development of PE and/or IUGR. These results are generally interpreted to reflect decreased production of the proteases by the placenta, leading to reduced proteolysis of IGFBPs and lower free levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), resulting in diminished feto-placental development. However, the association between low circulating levels of placental proteins early in pregnancy and the subsequent development of IUGR and/or PE could be due to low exchange in the placenta and not due to reduced production. In contrast, late in pregnancy, the circulating levels of these proteins and their expression in the placenta are often elevated in PE, which may reflect upregulation to compensate for abnormal placental development, that is an adaptive mechanism to increase IGFBP proteolysis, increase local IGF levels and promote feto-placental growth. Further research into the biological mechanisms underlying these associations will aid the identification of high-risk pregnancies and the development of therapeutic targets for diseases for which there are presently no preventative measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生态破坏诱发中国水旱灾害程度及计量——以90年代为例

生态破坏表现为植被破坏、水土流失、水系统淤塞，利用自然致灾因子和生态破坏因子可以构建水旱灾害的致灾函数。本文利用灾函数计算了生态破坏对中国９０ 年代水旱灾害的致灾影响度     

环境规制、要素禀赋与我国贸易模式的实证分析

当今的全球化趋势在导致贸易壁垒不断削减的同时,各国的环境规制却随之不断提升.本文使用世界银行的产业污染排放系统(IPPS)对我国制造业进行细分,运用显示性比较优势指数方法,把环境规制因素和要素禀赋因素同时引入到对贸易模式的分析.结果表明,贸易开放使我国的比较优势得以发挥,这表现为更多地专业化于清洁的劳动密集型产业,因此,即使总的污染排放有所增加,但单位产出的污染排放强度会有所下降.但另一方面,贸易开放使外资的流入增加,而资本累积是影响污染排放强度的主要因素,这必将导致我国的制造业结构更多地转向污染产业.因此,随着我国对外开放程度的加深,污染排放必呈上升态势.针对污染排放增加的原因,有效地利用产业政策和环境政策对实现资源环境的可持续发展是相当重要的.     

电弧防护服性能测试及影响因素研究

针对电力行业电弧引发的事故,电弧防护服相关标准开始制定并逐步完善。现有电弧防护性能的标准测试方法包括开弧测试和盒式测试,针对不同形式的电弧,测试方式仍在不断发展。电弧防护性能的最常用的衡量指标是电弧热性能值ATPV。对于不同工作场所电弧服的选择是基于对工作现场的危害评级。最后文章总结了电弧防护服性能影响因素的研究,包括电弧防护性、热湿舒适性和作业适应性。未来的电弧防护服的开发会朝向更安全、低成本、更舒适的方向进行。     

ROLE OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN MODIFYING FLOOD FLOW BEHAVIOR1

ABSTRACT. The interrelationships between the runoff characteristics of watersheds (expressed as the mean annual flood), standard basin parameters (area, drainage properties, and relief), and the parameters which describe the solutional modification of the basins (carbonate rock fractions, sinkhole development, and measures of internal drainage) were used to group 62 carbonate watersheds. Simple binary correlations were obtained by direct plotting of the data. This was followed by multivariate analyses: factor and cluster analyses. Following the cluster analysis, which separated the basins into three groups, the variance within each group was examined again by binary correlations and by factor analysis. Prediction equations for those basins underlain by dolomite rock [QBAR = 12.4 TOT^1.01] and for those basins underlain by carbonate rock with very little surface expression [QBAR = 43.5 TOT^0.87] were proposed. Basins underlain by karstic limestone had a large amount of variance within the data set; therefore no prediction equation could be obtained. (QBAR = mean annual flood, cfs; TOT = total length of all blue lines shown on topographic maps, miles.)     

MANAGING CRISIS: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL DISTRICTS FOR CONTROL OF GROUND WATER MINING1

: This article examines the willingness and capacity of local districts to control ground water mining of the Ogallala Aquifer in the High Plains. The questions of willingness and capacity were approached through extensive field interviews and a survey of all district board members and managers. The analysis focuses on the policy alternatives board members and managers perceive and how they evaluate these alternatives. Methodologically, the study utilized factor analysis of responses rating the desirability of various policy alternatives to ascertain what alternatives were perceived by the sample. Then the sample's preferences for each of the identified factors were calculated. The results demonstrate that the sample of those who must regulate if ground water mining is to be controlled at the substate level are not oriented to regulatory policies and therefore lack the willingness to deal with ground water mining.     

油田联合站沉降罐小呼吸损耗核算

利用美国石油协会(API)小呼吸损耗核算新公式对国内某油田4个联合站的采出液沉降罐进行了小呼吸损耗核算,并与实测数据进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,API的核算值与实测值的差别较大,相对误差可达90%以上,原因是国内油田采出液沉降罐的现场工况与API公式的模拟条件差别较大。在数据分析的基础上引入平均液体表面温度和平均气体流速两个影响因子对上述公式进行了修正,并利用修正后的公式对另外两个联合站的沉降罐进行了小呼吸损耗核算,核算结果的相对误差降至10%以下。     

优质春播小麦99-5产量与气象影响因子回归分析

利用春播优质小麦99-5分期播种产量资料与同期气象资料进行回归分析,结果表明,小麦产量的高低与播种-抽穗期的积温、抽穗-开花期的日照和开花-成熟期的相对湿度呈显著相关.