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11.
    
In an integrated world, knowledge exchange is becoming more important for empowerment to participate in planning processes. This is particularly the case in areas undergoing rapid change and with unequal stakeholder constituencies. The ‘knowledge exchange train’ (KET) model was designed to address knowledge inequalities and large-scale change by disseminating the results of new research rapidly and on a large scale. The KET involves two-way dissemination of knowledge as a means to support the formation of partnerships and participation in regional environmental planning. We compare three KET experiences in the southwestern Amazon: comparisons of KET I and II highlight adjustments in the model to amplify two-way exchange and to focus on key planning issues, and comparisons of KET II to III show how KET fosters partnerships for downstream environmental planning and management activities. KETs thus address knowledge inequalities and catalyse follow-on environmental management activities, both of which facilitate public participation in regional environmental planning.  相似文献   
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In the past decade Australia has experienced a series of large‐scale, severe natural disasters including catastrophic bushfires, widespread and repeated flooding, and intense storms and cyclones. There appears to be a prima facie case for rebuilding damaged infrastructure to a more disaster resilient (that is, to ‘betterment’) standard. The purpose of this paper is to develop and illustrate a consistent and readily applied method for advancing proposals for the betterment of essential public assets, which can be used by governments at all levels to determine the net benefits of such proposals. Case study results demonstrate that betterment investments have the potential to deliver a positive economic return across a range of asset types and regions. Results, however, are highly sensitive to underlying assumptions; in particular the probability of the natural disaster affecting the infrastructure in the absence of betterment.  相似文献   
13.
科技创新、生态环境与经济发展三系统耦合协调是新发展阶段中国实现高质量发展的重要途径,以数字技术为核心的新型基础设施建设(简称“新基建”)为中国高质量协调发展提供了新动能。该研究以新发展理念为指导,基于系统论与协同论构建“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调体系,采用2011—2020年的省际面板数据,借助空间杜宾模型并结合中介效应检验方法,实证检验了新基建对区域“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调发展的影响及其传导机制。研究表明:①在地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵下,新基建投资均有助于提高区域“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调水平,并产生较强的正向空间溢出。②不同类型的新基建投资赋能区域“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调发展具有显著的异质性,其中创新基建和融合基建驱动作用显著,而信息基建的赋能效果不明显。③新基建投资还可以通过创新要素集聚、能源效率提升和数字金融助推三种传导机制对区域“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调发展产生正向影响。据此提出,中国各省份可通过加大新基建投资力度、促进形成新基建赋能联动机制以及打通新基建传导路径等途径增强新基建对本地区“创新-生态-经济”耦合协调发展的赋能效应,从而进一步实现区域高质量发展与可持续发展。  相似文献   
14.
    
The siting of high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs) is often subject to public opposition where affected communities seek to protect local places. This study explores the perspectives of local citizens affected by a proposed HVOTL to connect new nuclear power at Hinkley Point in Southwest England. A two-day public workshop was held with 38 participants in an affected line-site community, using deliberative focus group methods to explore perceptions of environmental and social impacts, risks, governance arrangements and technology choices. The findings show how potential health effects from electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and visual impacts are perceived to industrialise rural places, disrupt place attachments and provoke local opposition. The findings challenge the ‘not-in-my-back-yard’ assumption that citizens are selfish place-protectionists that lack the technical sophistication necessary to take a strategic viewpoint on transmission system development. They also reveal how decision making under the former UK Infrastructure Planning Commission's (IPC) (and its successor body the Planning Inspectorate) presents a challenge to procedural justice, as front-loaded developer-led consultation practices curtail citizen input to key decisions on alternative technologies (for example, underground or undersea lines). This is likely to exacerbate public mistrust of transmission system operators and provoke further organised protest.  相似文献   
15.
    
Proponents of development projects (e.g., new roads, mines, dams) are frequently required to assess and manage their impacts on threatened biodiversity. Here, we propose that the environmental legislation and standards that mandate such assessments are failing those threatened species and ecological communities listed as vulnerable. Using a case study of Australia's key environmental legislation, we highlight that vulnerable ecological communities receive no statutory protection, while vulnerable species are held to a less stringent standard in the impact assessment process compared with those that are endangered or critically endangered. In the 19 years since Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 was enacted, four times as many vulnerable species have declined in their threat status than have improved. Beyond Australia, we demonstrate the global relevance of this issue, as it applies to internationally recognized best practice impact assessment guidelines. These cases provide a cautionary tale: without greater attention and stricter assessment criteria in the impact assessment process, the vulnerable species of today risk becoming the endangered species of tomorrow, with all the attendant costs and missed opportunities for recovery that this implies.  相似文献   
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17.
为了探究城市基础设施系统关联关系对城市韧性的影响,采用理论分析和python模拟相结合的方法研究城市关联基础设施系统在扰动下的韧性变化过程。首先,基于韧性机制和多层网络理论,构建城市关联基础设施网络;然后,探究在功能关联下,城市关联基础设施网络受到3种外界扰动后的级联失效过程,并基于基础设施系统机能曲线法,构建城市关联基础设施网络韧性评估模型;最后,以湖南省中部偏北某县作为研究对象进行实例研究。结果表明:关联网络中电力节点的聚类系数明显高于整体平均水平;通信网络的抵御能力和恢复能力是5类基础设施网络中最强的,韧性水平也最高;随着网络中节点失效概率增大和网络层数的增加,整体关联基础设施网络及其子网络的可靠性逐渐降低;网络效率在介数恢复策略下恢复至较高水平时间较短,说明对此基础设施网络使用介数恢复策略更为合适。  相似文献   
18.
    
The provision of ecosystem services is a prominent rationale for urban greening, and there is a prevailing mantra that ‘trees are good’. However, understanding how urban trees contribute to sustainability must also consider disservices. In this perspective article, we discuss recent research on ecosystem disservices of urban trees, including infrastructure conflicts, health and safety impacts, aesthetic issues, and environmentally detrimental consequences, as well as management costs related to ecological disturbances and risk management. We also discuss tradeoffs regarding species selection and local conservation concerns, as well as the central role of human perception in the interpretation of ecosystem services and disservices, particularly the uncritical assertion that ‘everybody loves trees’. Urban forestry decision-making that fails to account for disservices can have unintended negative consequences for communities. Further research is needed regarding life cycle assessments, stakeholder decision-making, return-on-investment, and framings of services and disservices in urban forestry.  相似文献   
19.
2008年我国环境保护投资总体特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
立足于环保投资数据库,从投资构成、空间分布和行业分布3个方面对我国环保投资进行综合分析。2008年,全国环保投资增幅持续保持较快增长,环保投资弹性系数为1.9,环保投资增速大大超过经济增速,\"三同时\"项目成为拉动环保投资的主要驱动力。引入了环保投资平衡度的概念,在此基础上对各地区环保投资的合理性进行了初步分析。重点行业环保投资方面,工业治污设施运行费用远远大于同期固定资产投资,一定程度上说明了应对治污运行费用来源给予充分重视,采取措施确保稳定可靠的资金渠道。  相似文献   
20.
    
Concerns over the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in farmland have prompted the development of agri-environment policy measures aimed at reducing farming pressure and maintaining semi-natural habitats in farmed landscapes. However, further knowledge is needed to guarantee successful agri-environment measures implementation. The current study assessed the quantity and the quality of semi-natural habitats in farms across a gradient of farming intensities in two contrasting regions in Ireland. Policy protection seemed fundamental for semi-natural habitats preservation. Habitats not protected by agricultural policy relied on extensive farming and are in danger of disappearing if they are intensified or abandoned. Due to the lack of policy incentives for habitat quality, no correlations were found between farming intensity and share of semi-natural habitats with habitat quality. Therefore, extensive farming and retention of habitats alone may not reverse the decline of farmland quality and biodiverisity and, thus, measures incentivising the environmental quality may be more successful.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01344-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   
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