放牧对草原土壤N2O产生及微生物的影响

利用AIM乙炔抑制法,首次测试了我国内蒙古放牧和非放牧羊草草原土壤N₂O产生的微生物过程;通过分析不同类型草原土壤N₂O产生的微生物过程和相关微生物菌群的季节变化,研究了放牧行为对于草原土壤N₂O微生物产生过程的影响.放牧行为改变了土壤结构,有利于土壤微生物反硝化作用的发生,在一定程度上降低了草原土壤N₂O的排放.揭示了内蒙古草原土壤N₂O产生是以异养硝化作用过程为主的微生物过程,解释了内蒙古典型草原土壤N₂O通量较低和其季节变化的微生物学机理.     

一种有效防止仓泵系统排气二次污染的解决方案

对电厂电除尘器正压式仓泵系统的排气二次污染问题进行了探讨 ,提出一种将排气排入电除尘器进口水平烟道的解决方案 ,该方案的理论依据是可利用的电除尘器漏风率裕量和处理烟气裕量     

列车运行安全性、平稳性的控制因素及评估准则

既有线的提速及高速铁路的修建 ,标志着我国铁路迈上了一个新的台阶 ,同时 ,列车运行的安全性和稳定性问题也愈显突出。高速、安全和舒适是高速铁路运输得以实现的三大要素 ,本文从动力学角度 ,通过不同的参数 ,分析了目前国内外列车运行安全性和平稳性的标准 ,探讨了列车脱轨、倾覆的不安全因素和旅客乘坐舒适性的各项指标 ,并提出了评估准则     

An optimized approach for estimating benzene in ambient air within an air quality monitoring network

Benzene is a carcinogenic air pollutant for which European legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks（AQMN）. However, due to the limited number of fixed sites for benzene measurement, exposure data are lacking. Considering the relationship between benzene levels and other variables monitored within an AQMN, such as NO₂, O₃, temperature, solar radiation, and accumulated precipitation, this study propo...     

pH对高浓度氨氮短程硝化抑制动力学的影响

在移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)实现稳定短程硝化的前提下,采用模拟废水进行批式实验,研究生物膜短程硝化过程的基质抑制动力学特性及pH的影响.基于Haldane模型建立短程硝化基质抑制动力学方程,确定不同pH条件下的动力学常数.结果表明,不同pH条件下,高浓度氨氮对短程硝化的抑制特性均符合Haldane模型.pH为7.0、8.0和9.0时的氨氮最大比降解速率(qmax)分别为9.906、16.234、14.742mg/(g·h),pH=8.0是获得高效的短程硝化效果的适宜运行条件.但半亚硝化的实现则需要在氨氮降解速率适当降低的条件下(pH=7.0)才能实现.     

Breeding Periodicity for Male Sea Turtles,Operational Sex Ratios,and Implications in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract: Species that have temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) often produce highly skewed offspring sex ratios contrary to long‐standing theoretical predictions. This ecological enigma has provoked concern that climate change may induce the production of single‐sex generations and hence lead to population extirpation. All species of sea turtles exhibit TSD, many are already endangered, and most already produce sex ratios skewed to the sex produced at warmer temperatures (females). We tracked male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Zakynthos, Greece, throughout the entire interval between successive breeding seasons and identified individuals on their breeding grounds, using photoidentification, to determine breeding periodicity and operational sex ratios. Males returned to breed at least twice as frequently as females. We estimated that the hatchling sex ratio of 70:30 female to male for this rookery will translate into an overall operational sex ratio (OSR) (i.e., ratio of total number of males vs females breeding each year) of close to 50:50 female to male. We followed three male turtles for between 10 and 12 months during which time they all traveled back to the breeding grounds. Flipper tagging revealed the proportion of females returning to nest after intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 0.21, 0.38, 0.29, and 0.12, respectively (mean interval 2.3 years). A further nine male turtles were tracked for short periods to determine their departure date from the breeding grounds. These departure dates were combined with a photoidentification data set of 165 individuals identified on in‐water transect surveys at the start of the breeding season to develop a statistical model of the population dynamics. This model produced a maximum likelihood estimate that males visit the breeding site 2.6 times more often than females (95%CI 2.1, 3.1), which was consistent with the data from satellite tracking and flipper tagging. Increased frequency of male breeding will help ameliorate female‐biased hatchling sex ratios. Combined with the ability of males to fertilize the eggs of many females and for females to store sperm to fertilize many clutches, our results imply that effects of climate change on the viability of sea turtle populations are likely to be less acute than previously suspected.     

Enhanced simultaneous absorption of NOx and SO2 in oxidation-reduction-absorption process with a compounded system based on Na2SO3

Oxidation of sulfite and competitive absorption existed in Na₂SO₃ solution for simultaneous removal of NO_x and SO₂, inhibited the long-term high-efficiency when used for practical applications. A matching strategy was developed to solve these problems. Antioxidants combination was used to retard the oxidation of antioxidant and enhance inhibition of S（IV）(tetravalent sulfur) oxidation. Hydroquinone（HQ） and sodium thiosulfate（ST） showed a positive syner...     

川牛膝种子保存技术初探

对川牛膝种子开展室温常规贮藏、室温湿沙贮藏、室温超干燥贮藏、4℃低温贮藏、冷冻贮藏等5种贮藏试验,结果表明：①室温湿沙贮藏是川牛膝种子短期保存的最优方法,能显著提高种子发芽率,其值较常规保存高14.5％;其次为4℃低温贮藏.②冷冻贮藏是川牛膝种子长期保存的最佳方法,保存3年后当其他保存方式的种子寿命几乎丧失时,其生活力及发芽率仍保持在较高水平,分别为60.3％和49.9％;其次为超干燥贮藏,种子生活力和发芽率分别为51.3％和41.2％.     

采油系统硫化氢治理技术探索

文章提出一种针对油田采油系统由于井筒原生和地面集输系统次生造成硫化氢污染的综合治理技术,研究形成了集输系统次生硫化氢外源微生物抑制硫酸盐还原菌技术,实现对次生硫化氢的生物抑制。该技术能使油井硫化氢降至5mg/m3,集输系统次生硫化氢降至25mg/m3以下,改善了原油集输系统作业场所工作环境,消除了硫化氢气体对人体危害的安全隐患。     

基于数字锁相技术的飞机货舱火灾烟雾光学参数方法研究*

为解决飞机货舱火灾光学探测易受环境杂光和空气中灰尘、水汽干扰,误报率高的问题,提出1种基于数字锁相的双波长火灾烟雾探测方法。利用数字锁相技术调制双波长光源,选择性地提取微弱光散射信号,并设计前、后双向散射光探测光路。采用常见火灾材料及干扰源进行真假火源实验,依据米氏散射理论及不同粒径气溶胶颗粒对不同波长光的散射效应差异,以不对称比（AR）和双波长光强比（DWIR）作为火灾检测参数对不同粒径颗粒进行区分,根据2种火灾检测参数建立数据样本,利用BP神经网络进行分析,并加入复合式传感器实验作为对比。研究结果表明:基于数字锁相技术的火灾烟雾光学探测方法能够在一定程度上区分火灾烟雾和干扰源,误报率小于3.5%。