安徽省地震前兆SQL网络数据库通用接口程序

为充分发挥前兆数字化数据在地震预报中的作用 ,研制了基于SQL网络数据库的通用接口程序。该程序通过ODBC数据源直接从网上对数据库进行存取 ,并通过数据导出和日期格式的转换而形成前兆分析人员所需的数据格式。     

颗粒体材料在压缩位移控制加载条件下的力学行为及界面参数对它的影响

采用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析程序(FLAC),模拟了颗粒体材料在压缩位移控制加载条件下的力学行为及破坏过程.颗粒及它们之间的界面被离散为尺寸相同的单元.颗粒被视为各向同性的弹性材料,而界面被视为弹性-应变软化-理想塑性材料.界面完全破坏之后,其内聚力为零而内摩擦角不为零,因而适于模拟颗粒之间的摩擦行为.在双轴压缩条件下...     

Coping with Complexity,Uncertainty and Ambiguity in Risk Governance: A Synthesis

The term governance describes the multitude of actors and processes that lead to collectively binding decisions. The term risk governance translates the core principles of governance to the context of risk-related policy making. We aim to delineate some basic lessons from the insights of the other articles in this special issue for our understanding of risk governance. Risk governance provides a conceptual as well as normative basis for how to cope with uncertain, complex and/or ambiguous risks. We propose to synthesize the breadth of the articles in this special issue by suggesting some changes to the risk governance framework proposed by the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) and adding some insights to its analytical and normative implications.     

太湖水-气界面温室气体N2O日通量变化特征

阐述了最重要的温室效应气体N2O的来源,湖泊中N2O产生机理,监测了太湖水-气界面四季N2O日通量,并分析了N2O日通量变化特征,发现太湖大部分时间是N2O的源,少部分时间是N2O的汇.春、夏、秋、冬四季的平均N2O日通量分别是0.018 mg/(m2·h)、0.065 mg/(m2·h)、0.003 mg/(m2·h)和-0.002 mg/(m2·h).夏季较高,而春、秋、冬季较低.     

基于可解释机器学习的青藏高原草地物候变化多因素影响分析

气候变化背景下,青藏高原植被物候发生显著改变.然而,影响物候的水热因素众多,目前较少有研究关注多因素对青藏高原物候的影响效应,导致对青藏高原物候变化机制认识不足.为此,研究通过遥感数据解译,在对2002~2021年青藏高原草地物候时空变化特征分析的基础上,聚焦降水、气温、海拔和土壤等多方面,利用可解释机器学习方法（SHAP）揭示物候变化的主导因素,并量化分析多因素对物候的交互影响.结果表明:①青藏高原分别有56.32 %、67.65 %和65.50 %的草地表现出生长季开始时间（SOS）提前、生长季结束时间（EOS）延迟和生长季长度（LOS）延长趋势;②青藏高原草地SOS和LOS主要受水分条件影响,3月0~10 cm土壤水分对SOS提前和LOS延长起促进作用的范围分别在10~25 kg·m^-2和15~25 kg·m^-2之间,峰值分别在20 kg·m^-2和18 kg·m^-2左右;EOS则主要受温度影响,9月和10月温度越高对EOS延迟促进作用越强,并分别在高于8 ℃和-0.5 ℃时达到峰值;③水热等因素对物候的影响存在非线性交互效应,3月0~10 cm土壤水分达到20 kg·m^-2后,更有利于低降水和低海拔地区SOS提前;10月温度高于0 ℃后较好的水分条件更有利于EOS延迟;3月0~10 cm土壤水分在12~22 kg·m^-2之间时,高降水地区LOS更长.研究表明,可解释机器学习方法可为物候变化的多因素影响定量分析提供一种新的方法.     

"九寨天堂"与九寨沟景区的互动关系

九寨天堂国际会议度假旅游中心与九寨沟景区之间存在着良性的互动关系。“九寨天堂”的开发对九寨沟景区起着积极的推动作用，九寨沟景区的发展对“九寨天堂”也有着直接的推进作用和内在优化功能，通过探讨两者之间的互动关系，旨在提出它们的良性互动模式及对策。     

A Simple Value-Distinction Approach Aids Transparency in Farm Animal Welfare Debate

Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split up into three notions: no suffering, respect for intrinsic value, and non-appalling appearance of animals. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that multi-stakeholder solutions should be based on shared values rather than on compromises. The usefulness of such an artificial value distinction strategy was tested in a small series of experiments. The results demonstrate that the chosen concept to distinguish between values is effective in a stakeholder context. Farmers’ views on doing good to animals appeared to be largely based on their value to prevent suffering and predominantly focused on the provision of regular care. Their priority for this value is clearly shared with other stakeholders, providing a basis for joint solutions. The concept of intrinsic value does not play a discernable role in farmers’ considerations. Based on the varying views on welfare, it can be inferred that there is a gradual rather than a principal difference between government legislation and farmers’ values, whereas public perception and acceptance of farm practices remains complicated. Distinction between value groups and focusing on a selected notion (such as no suffering) proved to be effective in bringing representatives of stakeholder groups together, but is unlikely to bridge the emotional gap between commercial farm practices and public ideals.     

CITY OF TUCSON WASTE WATER EFFLUENT DELIVERY FACILITY1

ABSTRACT: The Tucson area is totally dependent on ground water, which is in increasingly short supply due to excessive overdrafts. Tucson area waste water treatment plants discharge material quantities of secondary effluent downstream, which is lost to evapotranspiration and recharge of the ground water basin. The city and the four large mining companies who share the common Santa Cruz basin ground water, recognized the common water supply problem and agreed to fund a feasibility study for mining process use of the effluent to partly alleviate the overdraft of ground water. The study analyzed the projected waste water effluent resources, potential mining company demand for waste water effluent and possible interface of an effluent delivery facility with the proposed Central Arizona Project. The effluent resources were analyzed with respect to potential demand. An optimum alignment was selected. An optimum system was detailed through design schematics, amortized cost and finance requirements, and an implementation schedule. It was concluded that a waste water effluent delivery facility could be implemented which would utilize reclaimed effluent in quantities approximating 35 percent of basin overdraft and which would provide revenue for full cost recovery over a 20 year operation period. The mining companies are studying the internal economic impacts of the project.     

接触絮凝研究进展

接触絮凝的概念源于直接过滤 ,是指介质存在时的絮凝作用。由于简便易行、处理效果良好 ,接触絮凝方法处于迅速发展之中 ,并且具有广泛的应用前景。其研究范围包括物理、化学、胶体界面过程等相互作用。本文以溶液中的颗粒物相互作用为基础 ,对接触絮凝理论的发展加以简要概述     

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A SPATIAL HYDROLOGY MODEL OF OKEFENOKEE SWAMP,GEORGIA1

ABSTRACT: :The model described herein was used to assess effects of the Suwannee River sill (a low earthen dam constructed to impound the Suwannee River within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge to eliminate wildfires) on the hydrologic environment of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Developed with Arc/Info Macro Language routines in the GRID environment, the model distributes water in the swamp landscape using precipitation, inflow, evapotranspiration, outflow, and standing water. Water movement direction and rate are determined by the neighborhood topographic gradient, determined using survey grade Global Positioning Systems technology. Model data include flow rates from USGS monitored gauges, precipitation volumes and water levels measured within the swamp, and estimated evapotranspiration volumes spatially modified by vegetation type. Model output in semi‐monthly time steps includes water depth, water surface elevation above mean sea level, and movement direction and volume. Model simulations indicate the sill impoundment affects 18 percent of the swamp during high water conditions when wildfires are scarce and has minimal spatial effect (increasing hydroperiods in less than 5 percent of the swamp) during low water and drought conditions when fire occurrence is high but precipitation and inflow volumes are limited.