本文研究了大黑汀水库表层沉积物碳氮磷污染负荷及分布特征,利用Peeper (pore water equilibriums)技术获取沉积物-水界面氮磷剖面特征,分析大黑汀水库间隙水氮磷分布的空间差异;采集沉积物无扰动柱样用静态培养法对其水土界面氮磷交换速率进行估算.结果表明:沉积物中TN、TP和TOC的含量分别在729~5894mg/kg、1312~2439mg/kg和0.5%~5.6%之间,沉积物中氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)和活性磷(PO43--P)含量分别在0.6~202.9、34.4~168.3、0.1~0.3和16.1~75.2mg/kg之间,主要表现为下游含量高于上游,空间分布特征明显;沉积物C/N表明该水库有机质主要来源于水体内部,与人类网箱养殖活动有关.间隙水中NH4+-N和PO43--P浓度远高于上覆水,表明大黑汀水库间隙水具有向上覆水体扩散营养盐的潜力.在垂直方向上间隙水中NH4+-N浓度随深度的增加而变大,PO43--P浓度具有在0~4cm快速增加,之后表现出逐渐降低的趋势.静态释放结果表明,沉积物-水界面NH4+-N和PO43--P的交换通量分别为3.5~110.5mg/(m2·d)和0.1~1.6mg/(m2·d),NO3--N和NO2--N交换通量在-112.5~157.2mg/(m2·d)和0.04~0.94mg/(m2·d)之间.NH4+-N、NO3--N和PO43--P在下游表现出较高的释放速率.较高的沉积物内源负荷使得大黑汀水库沉积物具有较大的向上覆水释放营养盐的潜力,改善水库沉积物污染状况是治理大黑汀水库水体环境的必要之举. 相似文献
The paper focuses on the production of H2O2 by photocatalysis over ZnO in an aerated aqueous phase. The presence of different reductants that increase the H2O2 production in the aqueous phase is analysed; particular attention is paid to nitrite, which has been shown to be the reductant that produces the most significant increments in the H2O2 production. The photocatalytic anodic decomposition of ZnO in the presence of the different reductants is also investigated. From the results obtained, the relevance of the ZnO photocatalysis in the formation of environmental hydrogen peroxide is estimated. 相似文献
Objective: A large portion of child restraint systems (car seats) are installed incorrectly, especially when first-time parents install infant car seats. Expert instruction greatly improves the accuracy of car seat installation but is labor intensive and difficult to obtain for many parents. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 3 ways of communicating instructions for proper car seat installation: phone conversation; HelpLightning, a mobile application (app) that offers virtual interactive presence permitting both verbal and interactive (telestration) visual communication; and the manufacturer's user manual.
Methods: A sample of 39 young adults of child-bearing age who had no previous experience installing car seats were recruited and randomly assigned to install an infant car seat using guidance from one of those 3 communication sources.
Results: Both the phone and interactive app were more effective means to facilitate accurate car seat installation compared to the user manual. There was a trend for the app to offer superior communication compared to the phone, but that difference was not significant in most assessments. The phone and app groups also installed the car seat more efficiently and perceived the communication to be more effective and their installation to be more accurate than those in the user manual group.
Conclusions: Interactive communication may help parents install car seats more accurately than using the manufacturer's manual alone. This was an initial study with a modestly sized sample; if results are replicated in future research, there may be reason to consider centralized “call centers” that provide verbal and/or interactive visual instruction from remote locations to parents installing car seats, paralleling the model of centralized Poison Control centers in the United States. 相似文献