组合工艺在养猪废水处理中的工程应用研究

针对某猪场养殖废水排放所造成的严重污染问题,采用“固液分离+ UBF厌氧反应器+接触氧化+曝气生物滤池”的组合工艺,对废水中的COD、BOD、氨氮、SS去除效果明显,去除率分别为93.7％、94.4％、95％、77.1％,处理后的水质达到《国家畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》.该工程运行费用仅为1.509元/m3,处理成本低.同时UBF池中产生的沼气可以收集并利用,猪粪和污泥可制作有机肥,实现了废物资源化利用.     

水解酸化-接触氧化法处理生活污水的工艺设计

厂区生活污水有机物及悬浮颗粒含量高,可生化性好。采用水解酸化-接触氧化法(厌氧/好氧)处理生活污水,目前系统运行稳定,出水各项指标达到国家GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级排放标准。设计处理能力为1 500 m3/d,处理后出水进入厂区回用水池。     

间歇曝气模式下曝气量对短程硝化恢复的影响

采用SBR反应器在间歇曝气模式下对搁置2个月的短程硝化污泥进行恢复,控制曝气量分别为120、100、80和60L·h-1,在温度为25℃、交替好氧/缺氧时间比为30 min/30 min条件下处理实际生活污水,进水氨氮浓度为50~80 mg·L~(-1),出水氨氮浓度分别在第12、18、21和21周期之后稳定在5 mg·L~(-1)以下,氨氮去除率均高达95.00%左右;第30、35、38和42周期时,亚硝氮积累浓度分别达到20.83、22.81、21.50和20.73 mg·L~(-1),硝氮出水浓度均低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),亚硝积累率均高于99%,氨氧化菌(AOB)活性最终均稳定在100.00%左右,而亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性逐渐被抑制,4种曝气量下均成功实现了短程硝化的恢复.     

Pilot-scale experiments on multilevel contact oxidation treatment of poultry farm wastewater using saran lock carriers under different operation model

A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers.     

Eggs of cabbage root fly stimulate conspecific oviposition: Evaluation of the activity and determination of an egg-associated compound

Summary. Previous studies indicated the presence of antennally-active compounds in extracts of eggs laid by female cabbage root flies, Delia radicum, that stimulated oviposition by conspecific females. We confirmed that previously laid D. radicum eggs stimulated oviposition by other D. radicum females, in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol extracts of conspecific eggs stimulated oviposition by females D. radicum, whereas egg extracts of D. antiqua and Psila rosae had no effect. Electrophysiological recordings from the tarsal sensilla of D. radicum females indicated that neurones of the C₅ sensillum responded to the egg extracts from both D. radicum and D. antiqua, but not P. rosae. Chemical analysis revealed that the extract of eggs from D. radicum contained the thia-triaza-fluorene compound, 1,2-dihydro-3-thia-4,10,10b-triaza-cyclopenta[.a.]fluorene-1-carboxylic acid (CIF-1), an oviposition stimulant found previously only in cruciferous plants. Another potentially active component has yet to be identified.     

高填方路基诱发滑坡机理分析

通过对上三高速公路K92滑坡工程地质条件、滑坡特征及滑坡稳定性的分析，采用不分离接触数值模型模拟边坡的变形破坏，初步揭示了松散覆盖土层上厚度较大的高填方路基是诱发滑坡的内在机理。该类型滑坡的产生是由于路基堆载使坡体产生垂直方向的压缩变形，也使坡体向坡脚方向产生一定的挤出变形，最后诱发了推动式滑坡。     

振动加载下转换型密封电磁继电器的性能退化行为研究

目的研究航空用继电器的失效机理。方法通过对电磁继电器进行振动与工作载荷单独施加以及二者综合加载情况下的试验方法及性能退化行为研究,实时监测继电器内部触点间接触电阻等性能参数的变化趋势,并对不同条件下触点表面的微观形貌进行对比分析。结果发现相比较工作载荷单独施加而言,振动应力的加入使得继电器的寿命大幅度降低,并使得触点表面呈现"雪花"一般的形貌。结论振动环境导致了触点之间电弧的变化,以及触点表面接触压力、接触面积和接触超程等,并通过燃弧时间和超程时间的变化趋势对其进行了验证。     

北京市天然气公交车的发展现状及前景

随着石油资源短缺、城市空气污染问题的日益严重,天然气汽车作为一种实用的低排放汽车逐渐得到了重视和应用。本文首先通过汽车与能源、汽车与环境两个方面,分析说明了北京市发展天然气汽车的重要性;然后简要介绍了北京市天然气公交车的发展现状、未来几年的发展规划,最后指出了实现发展规划的条件和政策。     

不同磁化抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响规律的实验研究

针对微小粒径粉尘具有危害大且难润湿的问题,基于润湿剂与磁场对水滴颗粒的耦合改性机理,研究不同磁场强度下各抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响,采用座滴法测定磁化试剂的煤粉表面接触角,通过粉尘润湿机理进行分析,煤尘沉降Walker实验进行佐证,得到抑尘剂种类、浓度与磁化强度对煤粉的润湿性规律。结果表明:未经磁化的高于临界胶束浓度值溶液对煤尘的润湿能力变化不大,阴离子表面活性剂溶液对煤样的润湿能力强于非离子表面活性剂溶液和阳离子表面活性剂溶液;磁化强度为500 mT的磁化溶液对煤尘润湿能力达到最佳效果。     

An Integrated Model of Public Contact Planning for Conservation Management

/ Public contact is a vital component of any program to manage natural resources. A well-planned public contact program uses a variety of strategies to create a sympathetic and environmentally aware public and to meet specific management-related objectives. A methodology is proposed that can be applied to planning public contact at any level, from media design for a specific project to corporate strategies for communication. The methodology integrates management-driven, client-driven and resource-driven planning to provide the connections essential to effective communication.KEY WORDS: Planning; Public contact; Interpretation; Conservation; Management