Experimental Verification of the Computerized Method for Work Space Optimization in Conditions of Static Work

The aim of this study was to verify a theoretical model for upper extremity work space optimization. In order to do that, experimental studies were conducted in which two parameters of the electromyography (EMG) signal were analyzed: AMP (amplitude calculated as Root Mean Square) and SZC (coefficient of the slope of the regression line between time and Zero Crossing values). Values of forces in muscles (parameter MOD) were calculated from theoretical studies. A comparison of experimental (AMP, SZC) and theoretical (MOD) parameters was performed by analyzing the coefficient of correlation between those parameters and differentiation of muscular load according to external load value. Analysis showed that the theoretical and experimental results are in step, which means that the developed model can be used for upper extremity work space optimization.     

Aspects of Tests and Assessment of Filtering Materials Used for Respiratory Protection Against Bioaerosols. Part I: Type of Active Substance,Contact Time,Microorganism Species

This paper presents the results of a study on antimicrobial activity of polymer filter nonwovens produced by needle-punching or melt-blowing with an addition of disinfecting agents. The first part of the paper discusses how the biocidal activity of nonwovens is a function of the active agent added to the nonwovens, the duration of the contact of microorganisms with nonwovens and the type of microorganisms. The types of fibres and disinfecting agents had a considerable effect on the biocidal activity of nonwovens. The biocidal effect of nonwovens increased with the duration of their contact with microorganisms. Fibre activity differed considerably depending on the species of the microorganism. The microorganisms most sensitive to biocidal activity of the active filter nonwoven were S. aureus, M. flavus and E. coli. There were no biocidal effects on spore-forming bacterium B. subtilis.     

Comparing the Extent and Permanence of Headwater Streams From Two Field Surveys to Values From Hydrographic Databases and Maps

Supreme Court cases have questioned if jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act extends to water bodies such as streams without year‐round flow. Headwater streams are central to this issue because many periodically dry, and because little is known about their influence on navigable waters. An accurate account of the extent and flow permanence of headwater streams is critical to estimating downstream contributions. We compared the extent and permanence of headwater streams from two field surveys with values from databases and maps. The first used data from 29 headwater streams in nine U.S. forests, whereas the second had data from 178 headwater streams in Oregon. Synthetic networks developed from the nine‐forest survey indicated that 33 to 93% of the channel lacked year‐round flow. Seven of the nine forests were predicted to have >200% more channel length than portrayed in the high‐resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The NHD and topographic map classifications of permanence agreed with ~50% of the field determinations across ~300 headwater sites. Classification agreement with the field determinations generally increased with increasing resolution. However, the flow classification on soil maps only agreed with ~30% of the field determination despite depicting greater channel extent than other maps. Maps that include streams regardless of permanence and size will aid regulatory decisions and are fundamental to improving water quality monitoring and models.     

印染废水治理方案分析

某针织印染厂年产3000吨针织高档服装布料,排放的生产废水中含有大量的有机物,COD、BOD5、色度浓度比较高。该厂选择了"厌氧水解酸化+接触氧化法+活性炭吸附"处理工艺。该工艺采用厌氧水解酸化处理工艺进行前期处理,去除大部分有机物,减轻了后续接触氧化处理工艺的压力,同时通过活性碳过滤进行脱色,达到较好的处理效果。运行结果表明,经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、BOD5、色度等指标均能达标排放,有利于企业的可持续发展。     

From the outside in: The negative spillover effects of boundary spanners' relations with members of other organizations

Contrary to much boundary spanning research, we examined the negative consequences of boundary spanning contact in multi‐organizational contexts. Results from a sample of 833 Dutch peacekeepers show that employees' boundary spanning contact with members of other organizations was associated with reports of negative relationships with external parties (e.g., work‐specific problems, culture‐specific problems). These negative relationships also had a spillover effect such that they mediated the effect of boundary spanning contact on boundary spanners' negative attitudes toward their own jobs and organization (e.g., job attractiveness and confidence in the organization). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

厌氧时间对间歇进水-间歇曝气的好氧颗粒污泥系统影响

为启动生活污水AGS工艺,实验以间歇进水-间歇曝气方式运行,降低硝氮浓度,减轻对PAO的抑制,利用除磷中产生的磷酸盐沉淀和正电微粒促进颗粒化实现.接种污水厂污泥于SBR反应器R1、R2、R3和R4中,在总厌氧时间为30、60、90和120 min时,研究厌氧时间对生活污水AGS系统的影响.实验表明,R1、R2、R3和R4历时56、48、39和35 d启动成功;运行105 d,平均粒径达750、764、791和650μm.运行期间,R1和R2在43 d和47 d除磷恶化,延长厌氧时间至90 min后恢复;R3处理效果良好; R4在63～77 d颗粒解体,处理效果下降,DPAO富集程度降低.运行后期,R1、R2、R3和R4出水水质均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准.结果表明,长厌氧时间运行能实现快速颗粒化,但长期运行时颗粒易解体.较长的厌氧时间能减轻硝氮对PAO释磷的抑制,有助于富集DPAO,能获得良好的脱氮除磷效果.     

基于不同污泥量间歇饥饿的CANON工艺启动

为了探究不同污泥量间歇饥饿对于全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺启动的影响,R1、R2和R3反应器分别采用水力筛分间歇饥饿、部分污泥间歇饥饿和全部污泥间歇饥饿3种不同的方式启动CANON工艺.结果显示,R1、R2和R3反应器分别在第44,66和58d顺利启动,第70d时,其总氮去除率分别达到73.63%、71.56%和67.40%左右,粒径分别达到了404,359和306μm.分析表明,水力筛分间歇饥饿方式可以选择性地针对絮状污泥进行饥饿,避免间歇饥饿对于污泥EPS及粒径的负面影响,在有效抑制NOB菌活性的同时易于保持相关功能菌的活性;部分污泥间歇饥饿的方式在一定程度上避免了AOB和ANAMMOX活性的衰减,但同时NOB的抑制效果也较差;整体间歇饥饿策略对于NOB的抑制效果最好,但同时也不利于CANON工艺相关功能菌的活性保持.     

航空电连接器海洋环境加速试验与腐蚀仿真研究

目的 通过加速试验和有限元仿真,研究航空电连接器在南海岛礁服役条件下的失效行为和腐蚀机理.方法 根据典型航空装备南海服役环境数据,设计海洋环境加速腐蚀试验环境谱,基于此环境谱开展航空电连接器在实验室加速试验条件下的外观腐蚀、接触电阻、绝缘电阻和耐压强度的变化行为和机理研究.重点分析接触电阻变化原因,并基于水平集方法,建立插针插孔结合处的COMSOL有限元腐蚀仿真模型,模拟和验证接触件的腐蚀行为和机理.结果 3种规格的电连接器均发生壳体腐蚀,但程度不同,其中不锈钢壳体电连接器壳体腐蚀最轻,但壳体内部金属卡圈腐蚀最严重,其接触电阻波动最大.所有电连接器的耐压强度和绝缘电阻均有明显减小.结论 导致接触电阻增加的直接原因是插针和插孔结合处的毛细区内发生了严重腐蚀.有限元模型复现了腐蚀界面发展和腐蚀产物沉积过程.     

高浓度硫化染料染色废水的处理与综合利用

采用混凝气浮－内电解－接触氧化组合工艺处理高浓度硫化染料染色废水，生产运行结果表明：S^2-、COD、BOD5和色度的去除率分别为近100％、94％左右、92．5％－94．8％、96％－100％，处理后出水的各项污染指标均符合国家排放标准，并且实现了部分回用。该处理工艺设备简单、系统运行稳定、投资少、操作方便，具有一定的推广应用价值。     

以污泥发酵液与尾水混合液为补给碳源的A2/O污染物去除特性

针对我国农村地区污水量波动和断流的排放特性,提出了一种在断流时段补给污水处理系统自身产出的尾水与污泥发酵液混合液的运行模式,以中试A²/O为对象,研究了系统在该运行模式下的污染物去除特性,以期为今后我国农村地区污水处理装置的设计和运行提供新的思路.结果表明,尾水与发酵液以12：1的比例混合后作为碳源与原水相比具有更好的反硝化和释/吸磷特性,具有强化脱氮除磷的功能;以尾水与发酵液混合液在断流时段作为补给碳源可改善系统对TN和TP的去除效率,其平均去除率分别由69.27%和86.94%提升到73.34%和89.94%,相应地平均出水浓度分别由15.77 mg ·L^-1和0.80 mg ·L^-1降低到13.76 mg ·L^-1和0.64 mg ·L^-1.16S rRNA基因测序结果表明,随着实验的进行,系统中5种常见的水解酸化菌属、6种聚磷菌属和4种反硝化菌属的相对丰度得到提升;通过对系统活性污泥性状的长期监测可以看出,以尾水与发酵液混合液在断流时段作为补给碳源会恶化系统活性污泥的沉降性能,系统活性污泥的平均SVI由阶段Ⅰ的106 mL ·g^-1上升至阶段Ⅱ的131 mL ·g^-1,然而这种恶化程度并不会对系统的污泥活性和污染物去除性能造成不利影响,在整个实验过程中系统均未出现污泥膨胀的现象.