赤泥基纳米零价铁对多金属污染土壤修复效果

为实现重金属复合污染（Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd）土壤同步修复,构建土壤-小白菜体系,探究赤泥（RM）、纳米赤泥（RMn）以及纳米赤泥负载纳米零价铁（RMn-nZVI）这3种不同赤泥基钝化剂对Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd复合污染土壤的修复效果与机制,并考察土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd形态分布对小白菜积累Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的控制作用.结果显示,3种钝化剂施用可显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤酸可提取态（F1）Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量,增加残渣态（F4）含量,最终钝化效果表现为：RMn-nZVI>RMn>RM.此外,3种钝化剂显著降低了小白菜可食用部分Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的积累,其中RMn-nZVI处理下降低程度最高,Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量分别下降35.11%、45.05%、69.52%和59.63%.结果表明,纳米赤泥负载纳米零价铁新型钝化材料在重金属复合污染土壤修复领域具有一定的应用潜力.     

Remediation of arsenic contaminated soil by sulfidated zero-valent iron

• Sulfidation significantly enhanced As(V) immobilization in soil by zerovalent iron. • S-ZVI promoted the conversion of exchangeable As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. • Column test further confirmed the feasibility of sulfidated ZVI on As retention. • S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation markedly reduced TCLP leachability of As. In this study, the influences of sulfidation on zero-valent iron (ZVI) performance toward As(V) immobilization in soil were systemically investigated. It was found that, compared to unamended ZVI, sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI) is more favorable to immobilize As(V) in soil and promote the conversion of water soluble As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. Specifically, under the optimal S/Fe molar ratio of 0.05, almost all of the leached As could be sequestrated by>0.5 wt.% S-ZVI within 3 h. Although the presence of HA could decrease the desorption of As from soil, HA inhibited the reactivity of S-ZVI to a greater extent. Column experiments further proved the feasibility of applying S-ZVI on soil As(V) immobilization. More importantly, to achieve a good As retention performance, S-ZVI should be fully mixed with soil or located on the downstream side of As migration. The test simulating the flooding conditions in rice culture revealed there was also a good long-term stability of soil As(V) after S-ZVI remediation, where only 0.7% of As was desorbed after 30 days of incubation. Magnetic separation was employed to separate the immobilized As(V) from soil after S-ZVI amendment, where the separation efficiency was found to be dependent of the iron dosage, liquid to soil ratio, and reaction time. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests revealed that the leachability of As from soil was significantly reduced after the S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation treatment. All these findings provided some insights into the remediation of As(V)-polluted soil by ZVI.     

磁性铁基改性生物炭去除水中氨氮

氨氮的过度排放是水体富营养化的一个重要原因.然而,随着环境法规的日益严格,传统方法处理效果难以达到要求.吸附法因高效、安全等优点近年来开始应用于去除水中的氨氮.本研究中以共沉淀法将磁性铁基材料负载到市政污泥生物炭上,结果表明其对水中氨氮有良好的去除效果.80℃下合成的材料（MB₈₀）在293 K下对氨氮的饱和吸附量可达17.52 mg·g^-1.动力学与热力学结果表明,MB₈₀吸附氨氮的过程更符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir等温线.MB₈₀对氨氮的吸附机制可归纳为静电吸引、孔隙填充、离子交换和氢键结合.且5次循环后对氨氮的吸附量仍十分理想,可达3.18 mg·g^-1.本研究的结果可以为高效去除水中氨氮提供一种行之有效的方法,并为市政污泥的处理提供新的出路.     

硫铁填料和微电流强化再生水脱氮除磷的研究

为提高再生水质量,在不同C/N和HRT条件下,对比分析硫铁复合填料和微电流作用强化再生水深度脱氮除磷效果.结果表明,硫铁复合填料和微电流作用均能够强化氮、磷的深度去除效果,且二者结合能够使反硝化系统pH值稳定在7.2~8.5之间.系统中TN主要靠异养反硝化、氢自养反硝化和硫自养反硝化作用去除,94.04%的TP是以生成磷酸铁沉淀的形式去除.分别从填料上取生物膜,进行Miseq高通量测序,构建细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库.结果发现,在仅有海绵铁作用系统中,同时具有异养反硝化和氢自养反硝化功能的细菌所占比例达到29.47%;硫铁复合填料和硫铁微电流作用系统中,具有硫自养反硝化功能的Thiobacillus(硫杆菌属)所占比例分别达到60.47%和40.62%.因此,硫铁复合填料和微电流作用用于强化再生水深度脱氮除磷具有明显的优势.     

电增强零价铁强化厌氧氨氧化处理高氮养猪废水

为解决ZVI(零价铁)电极表面的钝化问题,实现anammox(厌氧氨氧化)工艺稳定、高效地运行,采用EEZVI-UASB(电增强零价铁-升流式厌氧污泥床)技术处理养猪废水,研究了EEZVI电极电压、ρ(COD_Cr)及脱氮贡献率的相关性. 结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃、pH为6.80～7.10、电极电压为0.60 V的条件下,EEZVI-UASB对NH₄+-N和NO₂--N的去除率均维持在较高的水平;NH₄+-N去除率＞90.00%,NO₂--N去除率＞96.00%,TN平均去除率>90.00%. 当EEZVI电极电压为0.60 V时,AAOB(厌氧氨氧化菌)的活性为91.10 mg/(g·d)(以NH₄+-N计);EEZVI-UASB中的优势功能菌主要为Pseudomonas属,其菌属16S rDNA的PCR扩增相似性达97%;系统中同时存在着反硝化、anammox、甲烷化等反应;其中anammox占主导作用,其对TN去除率的贡献率为54.10%~93.30%,反硝化及其他反应对TN去除率的贡献率为6.70%~45.90%.      

铁活化过二硫酸盐湿法氧化去除一甲胺恶臭气体

CH₃NH₂(一甲胺)作为一种重要的工业原料而被大量使用,其嗅阈值低,具有刺鼻的鱼臭味,是一种典型的恶臭气体. 选取PS(过二硫酸盐)作为氧化剂,采用湿法吸收氧化去除CH₃NH₂. 在探讨CH₃NH₂的吸收性能的基础上,比较了4种方式〔Fe2+活化PS、CA(柠檬酸)螯合Fe2+活化PS、Fe0活化PS、CA联合Fe0活化PS〕对CH₃NH₂湿法氧化去除效果的影响. 结果表明:CH₃NH₂ 气体在酸性条件下易溶于水;单独用Fe2+或Fe0活化PS处理CH₃NH₂时,Fe0活化后的去除效果明显优于Fe2+;然而,在联合使用螯合剂CA之后,Fe2+活化的去除效果反而优于Fe0. CA螯合Fe2+的CH₃NH₂去除率由单独Fe2+活化时的32%升至64%,Fe0活化与CA联合Fe0活化去除率均提升至40%. 究其原因,可能是由于不同活化方式下Fe2+释放速率不同所致,释放速率直接影响了Fe2+的存在时间,Fe2+活化PS速率对于氧化去除效果有影响,并最终影响CH₃NH₂的脱除.      

Optimizing synthesis conditions of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) through aqueous reactivity assessment

Nanoscale iron particles (nZVI) is one of the most important engineered nanomaterials applied to environmental pollution control and abatement. Although a multitude of synthesis approaches have been proposed, a facile method to screen the reactivity of candidate nZVI materials produced using different methods or under varying synthesis conditions has yet been established. In this study, four reaction parameters were adjusted in the preparation of borohydride-reduced nZVI. The reductive properties of the resultant nanoparticles were assayed independently using two model aqueous contaminants, Cu(II) and nitrate. The results confirm that the reductive reactivity of nZVI is most sensitive to the initial concentration of iron precursor, borohydride feed rate, and the loading ratio of borohydride to ferric ion during particle synthesis. Solution mixing speed, in contrast, carries a relative small weight on the reactivity of nZVI. The two probing reactions (i.e., Cu(II) and nitrate reduction) are able to generate consistent and quantitative inference about the mass-normalized surface activity of nZVI. However, the nitrate assay is valid in dilute aqueous solutions only (50 mg·L⁻¹ or lower) due to accelerated deactivation of iron surface at elevated nitrate concentrations. Additional insights including the structural and chemical makeup of nZVI can be garnered from Cu(II) reduction assessments. The reactivity assays investigated in this study can facilitate screening of candidate materials or optimization of nZVI production parameters, which complement some of the more sophisticated but less chemically specific material characterization methods used in the nZVI research.     

某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设实例研究与分析

对所负责参与的某铁矿安全避险六大系统建设的实例进行研究与分析。针对系统运行期间发现的问题和不足,提出相关的应对改进措施。     

改性纤维素负载零价铁去除三氯甲烷的研究

以接枝改性后的纤维素SCB为载体,采用液相还原法制备改性纤维素负载零价铁吸附剂ZVI-SCB,利用XRD、ESEM进行表征,并研究其对三氯甲烷(TCM)的去除性能.系统探讨了不同材料、ZVI-SCB投加量、TCM的初始质量浓度、pH值和氯离子质量浓度对TCM去除性能的影响.在ZVI-SCB投加量为5g/L,TCM的初始质量浓度为36.7mg/L,pH值为3.1时,TCM的去除率高达84.4%.采用准一级方程和准二级方程对ZVI-SCB去除TCM的过程进行拟合,准二级动力学方程相关系数R的范围为0.996~0.999,证明ZVI-SCB对TCM的去除过程符合二级动力学模型.     

光助纳米铁还原Cr(VI)的研究

采用液相还原法制备了纳米铁,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构、形貌特征进行了表征.以Cr(Ⅵ)为模拟污染物,中压汞灯作为光源,考察了不同投加量、不同pH值等条件下光照对纳米铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明:制备的纳米铁具有很高的反应活性,粒径约为7.6nm,呈球形,可在空气中自燃.在25℃、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为20mg/L、pH=7±0.5,加入0.1g的纳米铁,光照60min后Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率达到62.3%,而无光照时Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率仅为27.6%,说明光照对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原具有明显的促进作用.当纳米铁投加量较大时,纳米铁对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原速率大于光照对其产生的影响.反应液pH值对Cr(Ⅵ)还原速率的影响较光照对其产生的影响显著.在紫外光的照射下,纳米铁中电荷可能在诱导下作受迫振荡,与吸附分子发生电荷传递是光照促进纳米铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)的主要原因.