攀钢西昌钢钒有限公司环保信息化建设探索

攀钢集团公司2009年在凉山州西昌市投资建设了攀钢西昌钒钛资源综合利用项目,成立了攀钢西昌钢钒有限公司。项目组成之一的信息化系统建设中,能源环保系统作为一子系统同步配套建设。介绍了能源环保子系统中环保信息化系统设计架构、功能、技术路线等,可作为环保信息化系统设计的借鉴和参考。     

Fe0/荧光假单胞菌联合处理直接耐晒黑的脱色特性

采用荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescen,简称pf菌)与Fe0微粒构建Fe0/pf菌联合体系,处理了含偶氮类染料-直接耐晒黑(C.I.Direct black 19,简称DB19)废水.在中温((35±2)℃)条件下,比较了纯pf菌、纯Fe0微粒和Fe0/pf菌联合体系的脱色能力,并探讨了联合体系中供氧条件、初始pH值、Fe0投加量和染料初始浓度等因素对DB19脱色的影响.结果表明,在微需氧、菌接种量为5％(体积比)的条件下,染料初始浓度为100 mg·L-1、初始pH =7.0、Fe0投加量为500 mg·L-1时,联合体系内脱氢酶活性最高,处理约30 h后可实现90％以上的脱色率;与纯pf菌比较,Fe0/pf菌联合体系达到该脱色率的时间可提前约40 h.UV-vis和FT-IR光谱分析表明,联合体系中DB19染料的脱色过程是通过偶氮键断裂来实现的,而且部分含苯环或萘环结构的中间产物也可被降解.     

Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08：Highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of Methylene Blue under visible-light illumination

Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.     

云南铁矿放射性水平及对环境的影响分析

通过采样,分析了云南铁矿中天然放射性水平,对铁矿利用及辐射污染现状进行了评价,提出了污染防治建议。     

高岭土负载纳米铁在含水层的运移行为及重金属污染修复效能研究

为克服重金属污染物修复过程中纳米零价铁易氧化、团聚等缺陷,本研究将其负载于高岭土表面合成负载型纳米零价铁复合材料（K-nZVI）,并利用批次试验、沉降试验及模拟柱试验研究了K-nZVI在含水层中的运移行为及其对地下水重金属污染的修复效能.结果表明,K-nZVI对Pb、Cu、Cd均有很好的去除效果,去除率随着初始浓度的增加、反应温度的升高、反应时间的延长而升高,且在弱碱性条件下修复效果最好.此外,K-nZVI在含水层中表现出较好的分散和稳定性能,运移行为可通过一维对流-弥散-沉积模型描述,其运移能力随着初始浓度的增加、砂颗粒粒径的减小、地下水流速的降低和离子浓度的升高而逐渐减弱.     

1株肠杆菌与硫肥联合施用对水稻积累镉砷的影响

为探究不同硫肥联合硫酸盐还原菌在长期淹水条件下对水稻积累镉（Cd）和砷（As）,以及对根表铁膜形成的影响,为中轻度Cd-As复合污染稻田安全生产提供参考.采用盆栽试验的方法,选取了硫磺和硫酸钙两种硫肥及具有硫酸盐还原能力的肠杆菌M5,设计单一施用及不同硫肥与菌株联合施用共6个处理.结果显示,同时基施硫酸钙和菌株的处理（CM5）降低水稻根际土中有效态Cd和As的效果均最好.淹水条件下基施硫肥或菌株会使早稻籽粒中Cd含量降低8%~51%,无机As含量降低42%~61%;使晚稻籽粒中Cd含量降低81%~92%,无机As含量降低41%~62%.其中,同时基施硫磺和菌株的处理（SM5）和CM5处理降低早、晚稻籽粒中Cd、As含量效果均最佳.SM5处理和CM5处理能促进水稻根表铁膜对Cd、As的吸附,二者ACA提取态Cd和As含量较CK显著增加,且CM5处理ACA提取态铁含量较CK也显著增加,说明同时基施硫酸钙和菌株会促进水稻根表铁膜的形成.结果表明,硫肥和菌株联合施用相较单一施用降低籽粒中Cd、As含量的效果更好,而同时基施硫酸钙和菌株是效果最佳且最为稳定的方法.     

Watering techniques and zero-valent iron biochar pH effects on As and Cd concentrations in rice rhizosphere soils, tissues and yield

Zero-valent iron amended biochar (ZVIB) has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields. In this study, the impacts of pH of ZVIB (pH 6.3 and pH 9.7) and watering management techniques (watering amount in the order of CON (control, 5/72)>3/72>1–3/72>3/100>1/72, with 5/72, for example, representing irrigation given to 5 cm above soil surface in 72 hr regular interval) on As and Cd bioavailability for rice and its grain yield (Yield_BR) were investigated in a pot experiment. Brown rice As (As_BR) content was irrelative to the watering treatments, while significantly decreased (>50%) with the addition of both ZVIB materials. The diminutions of brown rice Cd (Cd_BR) content as well as the Yield_BR were highly dependent on both the soil amendment materials’ pH and watering amount. Among all the watering treatments, 3/72 treatment (15% less irrigation water than the CON) with ZVIB 6.3 amendment was the optimum fit for simultaneous reduction of As_BR (50%) and Cd_BR contents (19%) as well as for significant increment (12%) of the Yield_BR. Although high pH (9.7) ZVIB application could also efficiently decrease As and Cd contents in brown rice, it might risk grain yield lost if appropriate (e.g. 3/72 in our study) watering management technique was not chosen. Therefore, ZVIB would be an environmentally friendly option as an amendment material with proper selection of watering management technique to utilize As and Cd co-contaminated arable soils safely for paddy cultivation.     

碳酸盐岩对Fe2+生物氧化及铁矿物合成的影响

利用从高硫煤矸石堆场浸出液中培养驯化获得的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f）,通过静态实验,探讨添加不同量的碳酸盐岩对酸性硫酸盐体系中Fe²⁺生物氧化速率及次生铁矿物合成的影响.结果表明：添加10 g和30 g碳酸盐岩不会对体系中pH、氧化还原电位（ORP）和Fe²⁺生物氧化速率产生明显影响,但总铁（TFe）的去除率可从37%分别提高到55%和62%,矿物生成量也从8.17 g·L^-1分别增加到12.03 g·L^-1和13.69 g·L^-1;同时,体系中合成的次生铁矿物相与不加碳酸盐岩时无明显变化,主要为黄铁矾和施氏矿物的混合物.随着碳酸盐岩添加量增至50、70和90 g时,体系pH快速上升,Fe²⁺生物氧化速率受到抑制,并产生大量结晶程度较好的硫酸钙,形成的铁矿物主要为纤铁矿或针铁矿.而适量的碳酸盐岩添加可使体系中产生Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺,从而影响次生铁矿物的合成.因此,在以碳酸盐岩为反应介质的酸性矿山废水处理工艺设计中,可通过添加A.f菌并控制碳酸盐岩投加量,强化系统中Fe²⁺生物氧化及次生矿物的合成,从而进一步提高反应系统对TFe的去除效果.     

A highly porous animal bone-derived char with a superiority of promoting nZVI for Cr(VI) sequestration in agricultural soils

Paddy soil and irrigation water are commonly contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] near urban industrial areas, thereby threatening the safety of agricultural products and human health. In this study, we develop a porous and high specific area bone char (BC) to support nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and apply it to remediate Cr(VI) pollution in water and paddy soil under anaerobic conditions. The batch experiments reveal that BC/nZVI exhibits a higher removal capacity of 516.7 mg/(g?nZVI) for Cr(VI) than nZVI when normalized to the actual nZVI content, which is 2.8 times that of nZVI; moreover, the highest nZVI utilization is the nZVI loading of 15% (BC/nZVI15). The Cr(VI) removal efficiency of BC/nZVI15 decreases with increasing pH (4 – 10). Coexisting ions (phosphate and carbonate) and humic acid can inhibit the removal of Cr(VI) with BC/nZVI15. Additionally, BC exhibits a strong advantage in promoting Cr(VI) removal by nZVI compared to the widely used biochar and activated carbon. Our results demonstrate that reduction and coprecipitation are the dominant Cr(VI) removal mechanisms. Furthermore, BC/nZVI15 shows a significantly higher reduction and removal efficiency as well as a strong anti-interference ability for Cr(VI) in paddy soil, as compared to nZVI. These findings provide a new effective material for remediating Cr(VI) pollution from water and soil.     

中国矿产资源基地划定指标体系构建与应用——以铁矿为例

矿产资源基地是优化中国矿产资源勘查开发布局、保障国内资源有效供应的战略核心区域。在分析基地布局影响因素的基础上,从资源基础、开发条件、市场需求和国家战略等方面构建了矿产资源基地划定指标体系。其中资源基础包括预测资源量、查明资源储量和设计开采规模,开发条件包括缺水程度和交通优势度,市场需求包括后续冶炼加工企业布局与产值,国家战略主要体现为区域协调发展战略对矿产资源基地布局的要求。在此基础上,以铁矿为例开展了实证研究,采用聚类分析、核密度估计等方法对各单项指标进行了分析评价,在全国识别了辽宁鞍山—本溪等12个铁矿资源基地。研究结果可以为“十四五”时期中国矿产资源基地调整优化提供参考,对其他矿产资源空间政策区的划定具有一定借鉴意义。