钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜PAHs的浓度水平及分布

分析了钢铁工业区附近农田蔬菜的PAHs污染状况,发现8种蔬菜可食用部分的15种PAHs总浓度为227.1～1?533.2 ng/g,平均为759.1 ng/g,8种可疑致癌多环芳烃(BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF、BaP、DahA、BghiP、IcdP)的总浓度为7.1～231.2 ng/g,平均达70.6 ng/g.蔬菜可食用部分PAHs的含量为叶菜类>果菜类>肉质根茎类.果菜类和根茎类蔬菜可食用部分的PAHs大多富集在果（根）皮上,皮中PAHs浓度约为肉中的3倍.植物积累PAHs的能力与其脂肪含量呈正相关,脂肪含量对叶片吸收亲脂性高的化合物影响较大,而对根部吸收的影响则相反.脂肪含量相近时,表面粗糙或具有细密绒毛的叶片富集PAHs的能力较强,须根系根吸收PAHs的能力比直根系根强.     

微生物铁氧化作用对砷迁移转化的影响

采用厌氧培养的方法,从砷污染的水稻上中富集依赖硝酸盐的铁氧化菌群,通过监测培养体系中Fe和A$的形态变化模拟水稻厌氧条件下微生物铁氧化过程对As迁移转化的影响.结果表明,约96%外源添加的Fe(Ⅱ)可在10d内氧化成Fe(Ⅲ),As(Ⅲ)对Fe(Ⅱ)的初期氧化速率具有一定的抑制作用;在微生物铁氧化过程中,As(Ⅲ)被氧...     

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液氧化除铁的研究

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液中的铁离子杂质会影响后面的硫酸锰、硝酸锰产品的纯度,而铁离子主要以Fe2+的形式存在,因此必须先将Fe2-氧化成Fe3+以Fe(OH),的形式除铁.对空气、双氧水和二氧化锰三种氧化剂进行了投加量、pH值、反应时间等操作参数对氧化除铁效果影响的对比实验研究.结果表明,空气为性价比较高的氧化剂.     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

折板波形流人工填料污水处理方法的实验研究

污水的土地处理是不同于活性污泥法的一种新型且高效的处理方法,利用土壤-微生物-植物系统的作用实现污水的无害化和资源化[1],该实验模拟了土地处理系统,研究了在固定化微生物的吸附分解作用下、在投加海绵铁填料和在不同的水力负荷(分别是5 cm/d、8 cm/d、12 cm/d)情况下,折板波形流反应器对生活污水的处理效果....     

钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径研究

水资源短缺是中国钢铁企业发展的瓶颈,大力推广节水技术对促进企业的可持续发展具有积极意义。针对中国钢铁企业生产工艺与设备普遍落后、用水量大、水循环回用率低、水资源严重浪费的用水现状,从开发利用非常规水源、推广节水型工艺技术、强化串级用水和循环用水、废水处理技术等几方面探讨了钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径,并对钢铁企业节水工作提出了几点建议。     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的不确定度评定

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量值的分散性,与测量结果相联系的参数,通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法对水中铁的不确定度进行评定,确定铁测量不确定度的来源主要为工作曲线拟合、消解过程、重复测定和分析仪器,最主要来源是工作曲线,其他测量因素引起的分量较小,可以不予考虑。通过合理选择不确定度分量,优化评定过程,减少评定环节,达到对不确定度合理评定的目的。     

恩诺沙星在含水氧化铝和含水氧化铁上的配位吸附及配位增溶效应

采用批平衡试验方法,研究了恩诺沙星(ENR)在含水氧化铝(HAO)和含水氧化铁(HFO)上的吸附行为.结果表明,恩诺沙星在两类不同含水氧化物上的吸附可以用Langmuir等温方程描述,其中,吸附平衡常数K_L (HFO) > K_L (HAO).当溶液中NaCl的浓度在0.01~0.50 mol·L^-1之间时,恩诺沙星的最大吸附量随着溶液离子强度的增大呈下降趋势,但吸附低浓度的恩诺沙星时,离子强度对吸附量的影响不大,表明此时两类含水氧化物对恩诺沙星的吸附均以配位反应为主.实验还发现,在较强的酸性或碱性环境中,恩诺沙星的吸附量都明显减小,配位吸附主要发生在pH为5~8的范围内,配位点主要发生在C-3羧基的位点上,形成ENR∶M (金属离子) =1∶1型的配合物,同时生成的表面配合物促进了恩诺沙星的溶解.     

Reductive transformation and detoxification mechanism of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in combined zero valent iron and anaerobic-aerobic process

A combined zero valent iron (ZVI) and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated. After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene (DACB). The ratio of BOD₅/COD increased from 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.168 ± 0.007, while EC_{50, 48 hr} (V/V) increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC_{50, 48 hr} increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5 ± 10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.     

中国钢铁行业大气污染与温室气体协同控制路径研究

随着我国温室气体减排形势的日益严峻,以及大气污染物减排工作的日益深化,寻求能够同时削减温室气体和局地空气污染物的减排措施成为重要的研究方向。过去的减排工作经验教训表明,单一的末端治理措施难以实现多污染物控制目标。文章以我国钢铁行业为例,在协同控制理念指导下,构造大气污染物协同减排当量指标APeq评价某项技术措施对SO2、NOX和CO2的综合减排效果,并针对APeq、SO2、NOX、CO2,基于单位(边际)污染物减排成本和减排潜力估算,讨论协同控制分析方法和技术措施减排路径。结果表明,相比末端控制技术,前端和过程控制技术可实现3种污染物协同减排,因而单位(边际)污染物减排成本较低,优先度排序靠前,而末端治理措施缺乏协同性,单位(边际)污染物减排成本较高,优先度排序靠后。仅靠前端和过程控制措施,NOX减排目标能够实现,而SO2、CO2和APeq减排目标则难以实现,尚须实施部分成本较高的末端控制措施,或借助结构调整和规模控制手段。