基于人因失误率预测法改进的事故后人因可靠性分析技术

人因可靠性分析是概率风险分析的重要组成部分,事故后人因事件分析是人因可靠性分析的核心内容.工程应用中的人因可靠性分析技术应在满足分析准确性需求的基础上尽可能简单与规范.本文分析了人因失误率预测法(THERP)的主要不足及事故序列评估程序人因可靠性分析技术(ASEP HRA)所做出的重要改进,描述了事故后ASEP HRA在工程应用中的基本程序,给出了一个应用实例.     

苏州市再生资源网络平台线上线下交易的理论研究与建设构想

中国已经步入"互联网+"时代,再生资源行业也不例外。针对再生资源回收和电子商务的特点,借鉴国内相关成功案例,结合苏州市再生资源回收体系的现状,可以在苏州建设网络平台开展再生资源线上线下交易,并进一步对平台的流程、模块和一些重要问题进行了设计和分析。     

Biogeographical differences between the two Capra pyrenaica subspecies, C. p. victoriae and C. p. hispanica, inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula: Implications for conservation

The Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), an endemic species to the Iberian Peninsula, was represented in the past by four subspecies. Currently, the conservation status of the recognized subspecies - C. p. hispanica and C. p. victoriae - is quite different, being the former broadly distributed while the latter inhabits fewer and smaller areas. In this global context, our specific aims were to assess the biogeographical relationships, similarities and differences between the Iberian wild goat subspecies, and to evaluate their conservation status from a biogeographical perspective. We modelled the ecogeographical favourability for each subspecies, and also for the whole species, and we comparatively analyzed the spatial relationships among models in order to detect differential biogeographical patterns. Our results showed a differential pattern for each Iberian wild goat subspecies, and thus each one should be independently considered when designing management strategies. The distribution of C. p. victoriae was closely related to climatic conditions, thus it is highly sensitive to variations in climatic characteristics. Finally, from the perspective of metapopulation theory, and according to the geographical structure of their favourable areas, C. p. victoriae is at higher risk than C. p. hispanica. We discuss the implications of our results for species/subspecies conservation, and highlight the importance of conservation biogeography.     

固体废物危险特性鉴别有关问题的思考研究

简要介绍了中国危险废物鉴别程序,围绕鉴别程序从三个方面总结了固体废物危险特性鉴别的经验。固体废物判断需把握待鉴别物品生产的目的、社会属性及其相对性,若物品是有意生产,或其社会属性符合行业通行做法和市场需求,则该物品不属于固体废物;危险废物名录查询需把握废物的行业来源与生产工艺特征,其中生产工艺分析是确定废物行业来源的关键;开展分析测试需充分论证废物检测指标及其样本数,基础资料的收集和专家咨询是完善固体废物危险特性鉴别的必要手段。     

欧洲战略环境影响评价工作程序与特点分析研究

战略环境影响评价是指对法律、政策、计划或规划及其替代方案的环境影响进行正式的、系统的和综合的评价。欧洲战略环境影响评价的理论和实践在国际上具有领先的地位。本文介绍了战略环境影响评价的发展历程,特别对欧洲发达国家的战略环境影响评价的工作程序做了深入的分析,从战略的筛选、确定范围、环境影响评价、决策和批准、执行和监督、咨询与公众参与等方面,总结了欧洲战略环境影响评价的工作特点,对于中国战略环评工作的推动具有一定的借鉴意义。     

CE-318太阳光度计在大气环境监测中的应用

CE-318太阳光度计自动进行太阳直接辐射和天空光扫描探测,通过反演计算可获取大气气溶胶各种光学特性,在大气环境监测与研究领域发挥着重要作用。介绍了CE-318太阳光度计的仪器结构、测量工作程序和反演算法,并对2010年重庆城区大气Angstrom波长指数测量结果进行了简要分析。     

Evaluating the blank contamination and recovery of sample pretreatment procedures for analyzing organophosphorus flame retardants in waters

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are widely present in environmental waters. Development of accurate determination methods for trace OPEs in water is urgent for understanding the fate and risk of this class of emerging pollutants. However, the wide use of OPEs in experimental materials results in blank interference, which influences the accuracy of analytical results. In the present work, blank contamination and recovery of pretreatment procedures for analysis of OPEs in water samples were systematically examined for the first time. Blank contaminations were observed in filtration membranes, glass bottles, solid phase extraction cartridges, and nitrogen blowing instruments. These contaminations could be as high as 6.4–64 ng/L per treatment. Different kinds of membranes were compared in terms of contamination levels left after common glassware cleaning, and a special wash procedure was proposed to eliminate the contamination from membranes. Meanwhile, adsorption of highly hydrophobic OPEs on the inside wall of glass bottles was found to be 42.4%–86.1%, which was the primary cause of low recoveries and was significantly reduced by an additional washing step with acetonitrile. This work is expected to provide guidelines for the establishment of analysis methods for OPEs in aqueous samples.     

我国新的地震区划编图和中国地震烈度区划图（1990）

本文阐述了我国新的地震区划工作的科学思路和技术方法,探讨了若干重要专门术语的涵义,讨论了某些环节的处理所蕴含的假定,最后,介绍了新的地震烈度区划图的概貌.     

操作规程HAZOP分析技术原理与应用分析

目前国内外危险与可操作(HAZOP)分析方法主要用于工艺过程风险分析,而很多伤害事故是由于人员操作过程出现偏差引起的,采用头脑风暴式的HAZOP分析可对操作规程安全性进行系统全面的系统化的审查.结合实例对比分析了操作规程HAZOP分析与工艺过程HAZOP分析的差异,对操作步骤与引导词的关系、分析成员差别、操作规程HAZOP分析风险等级确定和分析重心等问题等进行了研究分析.